So we all know there are conspiracies that range from the illuminati, to lizards taking over the world, to mole people living underground making french fries for an upcoming Earth Party. I have a conspiracy that i recently dug into, and im not sure how much of it is actually impactful on our bodies or lives, but ill put on my tin foil hat and share the information ive found so a discussion can be started.
note to all: im not saying anything about anything, i just went through a few links i found interesting and came up with a crazy conclusion. i am not a doctor and im sure i got some information wrong.
Firstly, is there a powerful group of people who try to control the general population? probably, but maybe not. if there was though, they definitely would be trying to alter and shape us in multiple ways, for multiple reasons. what if one of these ways is through giving us excess estrogen?
Estrogen is possibly being put into our bodies via everyday items containing xenoestrogen.
first, a little background info.
what is estrogen? how does it effect the human body?

Estrogen, or oestrogen, is a category of sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics.

It is basically the hormone that makes women, women.
okay, now regarding the conspiracy, recently i came across the rabbit hole of xenoestrogen https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen . its basically a synthetic compound imitating estrogen. it can be found in common products that we use everyday. this is apparently everywhere. literally. xenoestrogen is found in BPA, phthalates, parabens, zeranol, insecticides, pesticides, and even the most widely used herbicide in the U.S. why is this important? we'll get back to that later.
well first, what is BPA? sinply put, BPA is used to make certain types of plastics. plastics we use every day.

"BPA-based plastic is clear and tough, and is made into a variety of common consumer goods, such as plastic bottles including water bottles, food storage containers (commonly called "Tupperware"), baby bottles,[3] sports equipment, CDs, and DVDs."
Epoxy resins derived from BPA are used to line water pipes, as coatings on the inside of many food and beverage cans, and in making thermal paper such as that used in sales receipts.[4] In 2015, an estimated 4 million tonnes of BPA-derived chemical were produced, making it one of the highest volume of chemicals produced worldwide.[5]
BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting estrogen-mimicking, hormone-like properties.[6] Although the effect is very weak, the pervasiveness of BPA-containing materials raises concerns. Since 2008, several governments have investigated its safety, which prompted some retailers to withdraw polycarbonate products. Since then, BPA-free plastics have been manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is controversy around whether these are actually safer.[7]

BPA Health Effects
>BPA's ability to mimic the effects of natural estrogen derive from the similarity of phenol groups on both BPA and estradiol, which enable this synthetic molecule to trigger estrogenic pathways in the body.[23] Typically phenol-containing molecules similar to BPA are known to exert weak estrogenic activities, thus it is also considered an endocrine disruptor (ED) and estrogenic chemical.[24] Xenoestrogens is another category the chemical BPA fits under because of its capability to interrupt the network that regulates the signals which control the reproductive development in humans and animals.[25]

BPA has been found to bind to both of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. It is 1000- to 2000-fold less potent than estradiol. BPA can both mimic the action of estrogen and antagonize estrogen, indicating that it is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) or partial agonist of the ER. At high concentrations, BPA also binds to and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR).

In 1997, adverse effects of low-dose BPA exposure in laboratory animals were first proposed.[26] Modern studies began finding possible connections to health issues caused by exposure to BPA during pregnancy and during development. As of 2014, research and debates are ongoing as to whether BPA should be banned or not.
According to the European Food Safety Authority "BPA poses no health risk to consumers of any age group (including unborn children, infants and adolescents) at current exposure levels".[29] But in 2017 the European Chemicals Agency concluded that BPA should be listed as a substance of very high concern due to its properties as an endocrine disruptor.[30]
In 2012, the United States' Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of BPA in baby bottles.[31]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also holds the position that BPA is not a health concern. In 2011, Andrew Wadge, the chief scientist of the United Kingdom's Food Standards Agency, commented on a 2011 U.S. study on dietary exposure of adult humans to BPA,[32] saying, "This corroborates other independent studies and adds to the evidence that BPA is rapidly absorbed, detoxified, and eliminated from humans – therefore is not a health concern."[33]
The Endocrine Society said in 2015 that the results of ongoing laboratory research gave grounds for concern about the potential hazards of endocrine-disrupting chemicals – including BPA – in the environment, and that on the basis of the precautionary principle these substances should continue to be assessed and tightly regulated.[34] A 2016 review of the literature said that the potential harms caused by BPA were a topic of scientific debate and that further investigation was a priority because of the association between BPA exposure and adverse human health effects including reproductive and developmental effects and metabolic disease.[35]
In July 2019, the European Union upheld a decision by the European Chemicals Agency to list BPA as a substance of very high concern, the first step in the procedure for restrictions of its use. The decision is based on concerns about BPA's toxicity for human reproduction.[36]
what are phthalates?

They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. Phthalates are used in a large variety of products, from enteric coatings of pharmaceutical pills and nutritional supplements to viscosity control agents, gelling agents, film formers, stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. End-applications include adhesives and glues, agricultural adjuvants, building materials, personal-care products, medical devices, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, modelling clay, waxes, paints, printing inks and coatings, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles. Phthalates are also frequently used in soft plastic fishing lures, caulk, paint pigments, and sex toys made of so-called "jelly rubber". Phthalates are used in a variety of household applications such as shower curtains, vinyl upholstery, adhesives, floor tiles, food wrap film, and cleaning materials. Personal-care items containing phthalates include perfume, eye shadow, moisturizer, nail polish, liquid soap, and hair spray.[11] "

what are parabens?
>Parabens are a class of widely used preservatives in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Chemically, they are a series of parahydroxybenzoates or esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid (also known as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid). Parabens are effective preservatives in many types of formulas. These compounds, and their salts, are used primarily for their bactericidal and fungicidal properties. They are found in shampoos, commercial moisturizers, shaving gels, personal lubricants, topical/parenteral pharmaceuticals, suntan products, makeup,[1] and toothpaste. They are also used as food preservatives.
health effects

Most of the available paraben toxicity data are from single-exposure studies, meaning one type of paraben in one type of product. According to paraben research this is relatively safe, posing only a negligible risk to the endocrine system. However, since many types of parabens in many types of products are used commonly, further assessment of the additive and cumulative risk of multiple paraben exposure from daily use of multiple cosmetic and/or personal care products is needed.[8] FDA states that they have no information that use of parabens in cosmetics has any effect on health. They continue to consider certain questions and evaluate data about parabens' possible health effects.[9]

estrogen effects

Animal experiments have shown that parabens have weak estrogenic activity, acting as xenoestrogens.[13]The estrogenic activity of parabens increases with the length of the alkyl group. It is believed that propylparaben is estrogenic to a certain degree as well,[15] though this is expected to be less than butylparaben by virtue of its less lipophilic nature. Since it can be concluded that the estrogenic activity of butylparaben is negligible under normal use, the same should be concluded for shorter analogs due to estrogenic activity of parabens increasing with the length of the alkyl group.

but like they stated earlier in the article, >However, since many types of parabens in many types of products are used commonly, further assessment of the additive and cumulative risk of multiple paraben exposure from daily use of multiple cosmetic and/or personal care products is needed
what is Zeranol?

Zeranol is currently used as an anabolic growth promoter for livestock in the US[76] and Canada.[77] It has been banned in the EU since 1985,[78] but is still present as a contaminant in food through meat products that were exposed to it.[12]

what is Altrazine?

Atrazine is widely used as an herbicide *to control broad-leaf weed species that grow in crops such as corn, sugarcane, hay and winter wheat. Atrazine is also applied to Christmas trees, residential lawns, golf courses, and other recreational areas. Atrazine is the second largest selling pesticide in the world and *estimated to be the most heavily used herbicide in the United States.[12]

there are other sources of xenoestrogen in our every day lives, but this is getting a little long. basically though, a bunch of now banned/restricted pesticides had it. sources confirm that there are still large traces of all of these compounds in the soil, air, and water, due to their inability to degrade easy.
tldr;
even though xenoestrogen is apparently "less potent" than for example, estradiol, a steroid hormone, we arent only being affected from one source. we are being bombarded from everywhere. with so many different sources of xenoestrogen in things we use every single day, multiple times per day, and with no/few studies being done on how all of these combine and how they effect our bodies, i find it hard to believe that we are not being affected. what do you think?
sources 1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen 2. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenoestrogen 3. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisphenol_A 4. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phthalates 5. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraben

Comment your opinion or criticize someone else's opinion in a constructive way.
I will edit this table with better ideas I get from the comments.
This is my opinion, these are very simple general assessments, ideas for solutions to get us to talk & discuss these issue. Some of these things we cannot change easily or overnight, but we can make the decision that we will improve & have an improvement mindset right now.
I hope this makes you look at your issues in your own local town, city, country, region & apply this info or take it & evolve it into something better, time is running out, we have to change & improve ourselves, our countries in Africa & the Middle East now, or we will face a very bad future.
What awaits us down this current path is not good, but luckily we can change, improve & build a better future.
Everything you do matters, we are all cells inside an organism or nodes inside a network, we are all connected, literally these days through electricity & internet, just keep moving forward, evaluate, improve, but keep moving forward, don't stop.
Everything starts with a thought, an idea, imagination, they turn into words, actions & become reality.
​

Issue	Harm	Solutions
1 ) Lack Of Freedom	Harm from Restricting Freedom of speech & expression affects EVERYTHING, from being able to discuss new ideas, innovations & solutions without fear, complaining about corrupt officials, taking powerful companies to court, fighting against companies connected to corrupt politicians, speaking out against corruption, dictators, corrupt police, making posts, pics & videos about "sensitive" issues, etc...	We need legal protection for non-hateful, non-violent free speech & peaceful protesting. For now we can make posts, memes, comments, jokes, etc... about these issues to bring more awareness. We can choose to be free today, we must push the limits in some cases. Don't call for or threaten violence or hate, or harass people, be peaceful, but you can have different opinions & ways of doing things, that's ok. We'd still be living in trees or caves if we didn't have people who tried new things. Think free, be reasonable & enjoy yourself. Stay safe.
2 ) Not accepting people as they are, focusing on petty differences, but ignore big issues that can really harm us	Harms us when some of us put too much energy in trying to control our differences, what we think, what we do, how we dress, how we look like, talk, etc... & make big issues out of small thing & shift focus away from the things that really matter.	Just improve yourself, improve what's around you & if others want your advice or help, you can help them improve too, other than that, mind your own business. We have limited time & energy everyday, don't contribute with negativity & pettiness, yes, we're not perfect, but don't make it who you are.
3 ) Corruption	Harms citizen's faith in the system, in their officials & in each other because corruption becomes the normal way of doing things. It deprives honest people of succeeding, keeps corrupt parasites profiting instead of earning their profit honestly like we all should. Foreign citizens & companies don't want to invest in a corrupt system they don't trust.	Talk, post, discuss, make memes, videos about corrupt officials, corrupt systems & some proposed solutions. File complaints & lawsuits in the legal system. Start groups online & offline to discuss & take legal action to root our corruption & build better honest systems. If you see corruption, do not let it slide, root it out & stop it, do whatever you can & stay safe.
4 ) Crime	Harms us by either taking our lives, harming our physical & mental well being, deprives us of our personal property. Makes us feel unsafe & distrustful of others when crime is rampant & not addressed by the authorities. Causes harm in every system in our countries, no one wants to live, visit, do their best or just relax & live a normal life when they don't feel safe.	Our police should focus mainly on : Violence ( police brutality, murder, robbery, rape, assault, abuse, threats & anything similar ) & Non-violent ( scams, fraud, theft, property crime, white collar crime, cyber crime & anything similar ) Drugs should be decriminalized & treated as a health issue, not a criminal one. Bring attention to any issues in your area, do what you can, invest in your own & your family's self defense & home security. You are the main protector of yourself, stay safe.
5 ) Low quality Infrastructure & Public Services	Harms us by making things harder for us & wasting too much of our time & energy on getting things done that should be done in more efficient & faster ways. Public transportation, education, speed of govt. listening to & fixing things, from hazards, dangers, lack of clean water, slow or unreliable internet or electricity, inefficient processes, etc...	We & our govt. must find ways & new ideas to fund & improve our infrastructure & public services. Everyone should be able to get where they want ASAP, have fast internet, stable electricity, clean water, good court systems, etc... So we can get to our work & leisure without all these issues we don't have to have anymore.
6 ) Low Quality Education	Harms students by not preparing them for adult life, university, technical school, job application, starting their own business or investing. By not understanding the political systems, healthcare, monetary system, science, how all these these systems affect each other, critical thinking, etc... Everything in life is about information, our own cells even, without the right information & guides we will be lost & not progress as fast as we should.	For now we can supplement our education systems with things like Khan Academy & other online learning resources, we should use or start existing online system & offline systems & groups too. The knowledge is out there, we have to find solutions to make it more accessible & low cost to anyone who wants education. Last, but not least the way our students are treated has to improve, respect students & they will respect you back, if they don't, reasonable constructive non-physical & non-abusive punishment will do, then reward good behavior.
7 ) Inefficient Job Market	Harms applicants & employers by not making jobs easy to post, find & fill roles with quality applicants fast. Pushes people looking for jobs into hardships & problems from lack of a stable source of income, hurts people with business by not finding the right people who will help with their business, keep it running & make it better.	Create as many job sites & apps to connect business owners & govt. with job applicants ASAP. We must treat our employees with respect & pay them a fair living wage. Also root out nepotism, discrimination, racism, sexism, etc.... Hire people based on their ability & fit for the job, not who you think should be in charge & corrupt business owners & corrupt govt officials who favor certain people or companies & accept bribes for contracts must be rooted out.
8 ) Difficulty Starting Business or Registering Patents	Harms entire economy by making process difficult & unclear for inexperienced business owners or patent owners. Not approving or delaying things due to corruption & fear of competition, deprives country of new businesses that could be the next international company or new ideas, patents & technology that can improve the country significantly.	Bring awareness to this issue, to create an easier, more reliable & honest system for business in all our countries. Create media, from posts, to memes, videos, bring famous people on board, complain to the govt, propose new ideas, etc... The only way is to get the govt. aware of this issue & let them see that it's more beneficial for them & all of us to fix it, than it is to leave it the same
9 ) Complicated & untrustworthy investments	Harms us by not having reliable,simple to understand investments that earn us interest on our money. From both the private & govt. sector. Not only for citizens, but for foreigners too, investments fund businesses & govt. instead of taking loans.	Learn about local investments & write guides about them if you become an expert. Propose ideas & systems or start your own investment vehicle in a reliable & simple way with different risk levels (low/med/high) depending on what the investor wants. Report all investment scams & frauds to the police. Post about them & warn others.
10 ) Brain Drain	Harms us when some of our best minds, go to other countries without all these harmful issues we have. Instead of these great minds & scholars staying in our countries, fixing these issues, improving our economy & creating new technology & solutions, they help other countries which give their people better conditions to prosper in.	On a personal level, try to offer scholars & intellectuals incentives & opportunities to stay, bring awareness to this issue by creating media, so the govt. starts studying this issue, identifying the main causes & solving them ASAP, the whole economy is connected & these people who leave, see that, lose hope & leave...we have to make it a better place.
11 ) Using Foreign Currency & investing in foreign treasury securities & other govt or private investments.	Harms our currency by depending on US Dollar, Euro, UK Pound, FR Franc, etc... it reduces liquidity of our currencies. Investing in their foreign govt treasury securities finances their govt, instead of ours & their govt will always issue new currency, if they default on these securities, since their currency is widely accepted.	Avoid using foreign currency & investing in foreign treasury securities when possible. Use African & Middle Eastern currency or cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, etc..). Invest in African/Middle Eastern Treasury securities or other govt or private investments, not foreign.
12 ) War, Invasion & Occupation	Harms us by destroying our country, the enemy seizing land, natural resources, commits unpunished violence against innocent citizens, creating chaos, destroying our lives, safety & future.	Our govt develops defensive fusion & some Fission Nukes in ICBMs & SLBMs, Drone Swarms, cruise missiles, missile defense systems, satellites, Long range radars & sonars, etc... to let aggressors know, the price of attacking & attempting to destroy our country, is the swift destruction of their country. We want peace, freedom & prosperity for everyone in all countries. We want to engage in trade & leisure, business & pleasure, with everyone in all countries. Don't threaten or attack us.
13 ) Sanctions	Harms us by isolating us, restricting our trading, advancement & weakening our economy further. (That's their purpose)	Our govt. should stop doing anything that will get us sanctioned (corruption, terrorism, etc... ), but should not stop doing anything defensive, it is our right to develop & buy whatever defensive technology we need to defend ourselves.

​

Notes and Highlights of Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear’s Live Update February 4, 2021
Notes by mr_tyler_durden and Daily Update Team
Watch here:

• Youtube: Update (YT Channel)
• Facebook: Update (FB Page)

Headlines

• 372,012 Cases (+2,500), 3,921 Deaths (+58)
• New cases by county: 400x Jefferson, 165x Fayette, 162x Kenton, 138x Boone, 112x Madison, 82x Daviess, 75x Campbell, 75x Warren, 52x Hardin, 44x Pike, 40x Clark, 37x Nelson, 34x Bell, 34x Bullitt, 32x Letcher, 30x Barren, 29x Oldham, 28x Hopkins, 28x Marshall, 25x McCracken, 25x Washington, 24x Christian, 23x Boyd, 23x Franklin, 23x Grant, 23x Laurel, 22x Henderson, 22x Jessamine, 21x Scott, 21x Whitley, 20x Graves, 19x Taylor, 18x Harrison, 18x Shelby, 18x Woodford, 17x Bourbon, 17x Floyd, 17x Greenup, 17x Montgomery, 17x Rowan, 16x Perry, 16x Rockcastle, 15x Marion, 15x Pulaski, 14x Anderson, 14x Butler, 14x Logan, 13x Allen, 13x Knox, 12x Calloway, 12x Grayson, 12x Lawrence, 12x Mercer, 11x Fleming, 11x Garrard, 11x Trigg, 10x Hart, 10x Ohio, 9x Boyle, 9x Breathitt, 9x Knott, 9x Meade, 9x Metcalfe, 8x Henry, 8x Menifee, 7x Carter, 7x Larue, 7x Muhlenberg, 7x Russell, 6x Harlan, 6x Johnson, 6x Leslie, 6x Spencer, 5x Bath, 5x Breckinridge, 5x Clay, 5x Edmonson, 5x Gallatin, 5x Jackson, 5x Lee, 5x Lincoln, 5x Monroe, 5x Union, 5x Wolfe, 4x Caldwell, 4x Elliott, 4x Estill, 4x Hancock, 4x Mason, 4x Morgan, 4x Powell, 4x Todd, 4x Wayne, 4x Webster, 3x Fulton, 3x Owsley, 2x Ballard, 2x Bracken, 2x Carroll, 2x Crittenden, 2x Lyon, 2x McLean, 2x Nicholas, 2x Pendleton, 2x Simpson, 1x Adair, 1x Carlisle, 1x Cumberland, 1x Green, 1x Hickman, 1x Lewis, 1x McCreary, 1x Martin, 1x Owen, 1x Robertson
• New deaths by county: 85 M Ballard, 75 F Boone, 52 M Boone, 67 M Boone, 70 M Boone, 72 M Boone, 74 M Boone, 86 F Bourbon, 79 F Bullitt, 88 F Daviess, 92 M Daviess, 58 F Fayette, 70 F Fayette, 80 F Fayette, 76 M Fayette, 86 M Fayette, 84 F Franklin, 94 F Franklin, 74 F Gallatin, 77 F Graves, 85 M Graves, 69 M Harlan, 75 M Hart, 38 M Jefferson, 59 M Jefferson, 76 M Jefferson, 97 F Kenton, 68 M Kenton, 69 M Kenton, 85 M Kenton, 97 M Kenton, 78 M Lawrence, 82 F Letcher, 85 F Letcher, 87 F Letcher, 96 F Letcher, 63 M Letcher, 66 M Letcher, 67 M Letcher, 89 F Metcalfe, 70 M Montgomery, 78 F Oldham, 39 M Oldham, 71 F Perry, 85 F Perry, 78 F Pike, 79 F Pike, 73 M Pike, 89 M Pike, 69 F Pulaski, 76 M Pulaski, 66 F Rockcastle, 70 M Russell, 80 M Shelby, 77 F Simpson, 67 M Taylor, 65 M Wayne, 80 M Wayne
• Good News.
  • ​

1. It's a new partnership with the Kentucky Chamber of Commerce that's going to help us build a better Kentucky, one with a stronger post-COVID economy and good paying career opportunities for our state's residents. The new partnership is called the Discover Kentucky Initiative, and it will grow European company investment and jobs in our Commonwealth.

• 2. I'm excited to announce an Appalachian Regional Commission Grant totaling more than $500,000 for Hazard Community and Technical College to expand their commercial driver's licensing (CDL) program. These funds will allow for six classes of CDL students at HCTC’s main campus, and six classes at the Leslie County Campus training 150 students a year.
• Vaccine: I wanted to make sure we walked you through, again, the fact that certainly for the past four weeks, we are vaccinating more people than we get first doses for. In other words, we are already at the point where we have more capacity than we have supply. <...>Now, I want to give you one other piece of good news, you look down there and you see 401,264 Kentuckians that have had their first shot through one of either the state program, or the long term care program that the federal government contracted with Walgreens and CVS; but those aren't the only Kentuckians that are receiving doses from other places. The federal government is also providing doses to the Bureau of Prisons, to VAs, to Department of Defense workers. And today we got numbers that in addition to the 401,264 that have been vaccinated through the programs we've talked about, another 18,244 Kentuckians have been vaccinated according to the federal government. The vast majority of that of the 18,244 are from the VAs that have vaccinated almost 16,000 Kentuckians, so we appreciate that.
• So let's talk first about our new regional sites. First, with our partnership with Kroger, we're launching two new sites.
• The first is in the Kentucky Convention Center. That is at 1 West River Center Boulevard in Covington. That's an exciting area, which as you can see here will begin Thursday, and run through Saturday, 10am, to 4pm.
• The second Kroger regional site is in Bowling Green at the Kroger Greenwood Mall, which is the former Sears site. 2625 Scottsville Road.
• Both sites open Thursday, Friday, Saturday, of this coming week, 10am to 4pm. The portals will go live around 5pm with rolling seven day appointments. You go to https://kroger.com/COVIDvaccine, or you call 866-211-5320. Appointments can also be reached by going through https://kycovid19.ky.gov and clicking on the vaccine bar.
• Our third Regional Center today is a partnership with Murray State University, which is going to be using the CFSB center, an 8,500 seat arena on the MSU, Murray State University campus, where men and women's basketball play. That's 1401 State Route 121 in Murray. It's going to be Wednesday, February 10th will be the first day, 8am to noon, and then it'll be Wednesday, the 17th-- 8am to noon. <...>The MSU site will be on the website map, and the drop down menu will have the website URL and phone, but Kentuckians in the region can also visit www.callowayhealth.org/ or call to 279-753-3381. <...>
• The fourth and final new regional site this week is a partnership with TJ Regional Health. That's at the TJ Health Pavilion, 301 North L. Rogers Boulevard, Glasgow, Kentucky. Day and hours are still being determined, but Kentuckians should check on their website soon for more information their phone number is 270-659-1090.
• So I hope you enjoy the game, but it takes an effort like the slide says. Before you go out to try to enjoy the game please remember this, the current recommendations are still eight people max and two different households max. . If you are feeling sick, if you have a fever, if you have any symptoms that imply a cold or COVID or the flu, stay home, don't get together with others, you'll keep yourself and everyone else safer. And please, here again is another way to look at this: celebrate safely, enjoy the game, but enjoy it in a small group, and ideally in the privacy of your own home.
• What this shows, highlighted in the various colors, are the 61 health departments in the state of Kentucky, that service the 120 counties.<...> So, I've tried to be as transparent as I can be as we've gone through this journey. The way we did this- and I'll just tell you the quantities are insufficient, the vaccine quantity overall is not enough for the task, but it is still incremental progress. And so we are going to give 100 doses per 1% of population for every county rounded up to a minimum of 100 because that's the smallest shipment size. And so now every county will at least get 100 doses of vaccine, or the portion of 100 doses per 1% of population rounded to the next 100, and they've all been informed of that. I have regular calls with the local health departments and my colleagues and so they're all aware of this for next week, and the next three weeks.
• Just one quick note first for claimants: if you were claiming benefits today and saw a strange thing in your claim that the week said “1996” and not “2021”, we know about the problem, we fixed that, we believe by mid-morning, we have no idea what caused it.
• We got a question at last week's press conference about what to do, what is the IRS going to do if you don't have a corrected 1099? Again, we still encourage you to look at that as soon as you get it, so we can correct that for you. But the IRS has now announced if you do not have your corrected 1099-G by the time you need to file your taxes. Actually, don't file what's on the 1099G, file what you think is correct. We have that IRS bulletin on our website, on the KCC website under identity theft tips, so feel free to look at that and get some more information about what to do if you are in that situation. [...] So, please check those FAQs that we have out there for you. Of course we are happy to help you out on the email line, but most of the time is a simple misunderstanding.
• We've sent an email out to over 68,000 claimants on Tuesday letting them know their claims are being denied, because we can't validate their IDs. <...>Now if you got that email and you are a real life claimant,<...> when you get your notice of determination please pay very careful attention to the appeal deadlines, in that document. You can appeal that determination of denial and give your ID validation at that time.
• [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) and so you can email there and get those questions answered if you think you have that mass claim issue.
• So please, we understand there is a lot of fraud out there, if you get one of those fraudulent filings, just like I did this past weekend, you can email [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) and we will make sure to mark that in the system as a fraudulent claim.
• This is something you’re touched on quite a bit, really for a while now. So just wanted to get your thoughts on it again, we're seeing some efforts to limit executive powers for governors, just throughout the region, not only here in Kentucky but in Indiana and Ohio as well I believe. So, I just wanted to ask you again and hear your thoughts on what you see as the potential pitfalls of moving to a system that would require the legislative body to enact certain emergency restrictions. -- We are in an emergency, and in an emergency, you've got to move fast, you’ve got to be fluid, and you’ve got to adjust to battlefield conditions. And when you look at the losses we've sustained, we're fighting a war. We've almost lost 4,000 Kentuckians. And you never fight a war by committee, and we can't fight this one either.
• Regarding the regional sites, and even non-regional sites, can you provide any information about any possible state efforts to help people who don't have access, maybe to transportation, and can't get to a location despite being eligible for a dose? Thanks so much. -- We'll have more information on that in the coming weeks, that involve mobile units that we're working on right now and that we hope will be launched in at least one location as early as next week. We’ve got local health departments that are already doing some of that.
• Slides from Update

Full Notes

• Good evening everybody, or afternoon, Virginia. It is four o'clock on Thursday, it'll be the last time we get together this week and remember that we are going to get through this, and we are going to get through it together. I want to start the way we start, most of our days, by focusing on some good news. Remember it's easy to get down during these times the isolation or the change in our lives that has gone on longer than I think we thought that it would. It can hurt and damage our mental health; but one way that we ensure that we fight back against that is to make sure that we know about all the good things that are going on in our state, and in our world around us. So even in tough times, I want to put a spotlight on good news and today.
• Let's start with an announcement we made earlier this week. It's a new partnership with the Kentucky Chamber of Commerce that's going to help us build a better Kentucky, one with a stronger post-COVID economy and good paying career opportunities for our state's residents. The new partnership is called the Discover Kentucky Initiative, and it will grow European company investment and jobs in our Commonwealth. This is how it works: many internationally based companies are interested in the US market, but they aren't ready to commit to building a factory, establishing an office, or setting up a sales operation. Team Kentucky, through its office in Hamburg, Germany, is often in touch with companies just like this. The Discover Kentucky Initiative will vet these inquiring companies and work with them in three ways to seed the ground for long term economic success. First, the Initiative will introduce Kentucky chamber-member businesses to these inquiring European companies. Second, it'll foster relationships with these European businesses through regular check in and assessments. It'll build a relationship, and will maintain Kentucky as a top-of-mind location for the time when each company is ready to invest in a US operation. And third, it'll ensure continuity of these relationships. Sometimes it may take more than just the tenure of one governor and we want to make sure that our efforts to bring in good jobs from Europe, in this instance, I want to make sure it lasts long after I'm gone. Through this partnership with the chamber, we are taking advantage of how the pandemic is changing business. Companies that may not have considered developing their products in the US, manufacturing or selling here, are now seeing the new value for global diversification. We know this works too. Economic development often hinges on relationships. That's why in any given year about three quarters of all the projects we announce are expansions of companies already in the Commonwealth. European companies today operate more than 220 facilities in Kentucky, employing more than 37,000 people full time. Those facilities often form the economic backbones of communities across Kentucky, and each of those successes starts with a relationship. We're hungry in Kentucky. We feel the urgency of improving our economy, our way of life, and what's out there for our children. I am a 43-year-old governor. I'm going to live in and work in the economy that I helped to create and/or improve as governor, and my kids are too. So that means doing everything we can, every day, through Team Kentucky, partnering with everybody who's out there that wants to generate these great opportunities. I want to get to the time when our kids look around at different places and they would say “Why would I leave, when the best opportunities in the United States are right here in Kentucky?”. I think that's possible and I'm committed to making it happen. I'd like to thank the chamber for its leadership board and member companies for working with Team Kentucky on the initiative. Together we're planting the seeds that are going to grow our post-COVID economy into something that we've always dreamed up.
• We also have some good news today for Eastern Kentucky. I'm excited to announce an Appalachian Regional Commission Grant totaling more than $500,000 for Hazard Community and Technical College to expand their commercial driver's licensing (CDL) program. These funds will allow for six classes of CDL students at HCTC’s main campus, and six classes at the Leslie County Campus training 150 students a year. This expansion comes at a great time when the transportation and logistics industry is growing. We have seen its importance during COVID, and the demand for licensed commercial drivers is increasing in Eastern Kentucky. HCTC will use the funds to purchase two new trucks and trailers, program supplies, and provide salaries for one full time instructor, and for four adjunct instructors. Students at HCTC utility lineman program also benefit from the expansion because they must obtain a CDL license to graduate from their program. Thanks to this project, we're going to train more Kentuckians for jobs that are out there right now, that are in demand, that can pay good wages, and we can get more of our people to work right now. Congratulations to Hazard Community and Technical College on this exciting grant. And thank you to everybody who made it possible. Because of your work, eastern Kentuckians will have greater access to education and good jobs in their communities, both of which are top priorities for this administration.
• Alright, let's move into our COVID report. Our COVID report continues to have good news in everything but our number of deaths, which continues to be high, difficult, and tragic.
• Positive cases today: 2,500 - Let's start with positive trends. Today, we're announcing 2,500 new cases of COVID-19. And just to give you an idea of cases, when we look back about four weeks, so, today I said we have 2500 new cases, on January 11th, it was 4084. So again, a good trend.
• That is a high number, but it is the lowest Thursday we've had in over four weeks. And if we stay on this track, we're gonna have fewer cases this week than we did last week, which will give us four straight weeks for the first time in this pandemic of declining cases. So cases are too high, but the trend is some of the best we have seen during the pandemic.
• Probable cases: 798
• Total confirmed cases: 372,012
• Children Under 18: 432
• We only have 104 red counties today who would have thought “with 120 counties would be excited about 104?” but that number is dropping, day after day after day.
• New cases by county: 400x Jefferson, 165x Fayette, 162x Kenton, 138x Boone, 112x Madison, 82x Daviess, 75x Campbell, 75x Warren, 52x Hardin, 44x Pike, 40x Clark, 37x Nelson, 34x Bell, 34x Bullitt, 32x Letcher, 30x Barren, 29x Oldham, 28x Hopkins, 28x Marshall, 25x McCracken, 25x Washington, 24x Christian, 23x Boyd, 23x Franklin, 23x Grant, 23x Laurel, 22x Henderson, 22x Jessamine, 21x Scott, 21x Whitley, 20x Graves, 19x Taylor, 18x Harrison, 18x Shelby, 18x Woodford, 17x Bourbon, 17x Floyd, 17x Greenup, 17x Montgomery, 17x Rowan, 16x Perry, 16x Rockcastle, 15x Marion, 15x Pulaski, 14x Anderson, 14x Butler, 14x Logan, 13x Allen, 13x Knox, 12x Calloway, 12x Grayson, 12x Lawrence, 12x Mercer, 11x Fleming, 11x Garrard, 11x Trigg, 10x Hart, 10x Ohio, 9x Boyle, 9x Breathitt, 9x Knott, 9x Meade, 9x Metcalfe, 8x Henry, 8x Menifee, 7x Carter, 7x Larue, 7x Muhlenberg, 7x Russell, 6x Harlan, 6x Johnson, 6x Leslie, 6x Spencer, 5x Bath, 5x Breckinridge, 5x Clay, 5x Edmonson, 5x Gallatin, 5x Jackson, 5x Lee, 5x Lincoln, 5x Monroe, 5x Union, 5x Wolfe, 4x Caldwell, 4x Elliott, 4x Estill, 4x Hancock, 4x Mason, 4x Morgan, 4x Powell, 4x Todd, 4x Wayne, 4x Webster, 3x Fulton, 3x Owsley, 2x Ballard, 2x Bracken, 2x Carroll, 2x Crittenden, 2x Lyon, 2x McLean, 2x Nicholas, 2x Pendleton, 2x Simpson, 1x Adair, 1x Carlisle, 1x Cumberland, 1x Green, 1x Hickman, 1x Lewis, 1x McCreary, 1x Martin, 1x Owen, 1x Robertson
• Total tests conducted: 4,138,554 (PCR: 3,653,551, Serology: 108,691)
• Positivity Rate: 8.37% - The lowest since December, 28, meaning the lowest in over a month.
• Total hospitalized: 17,170
• Generally, hospitalization numbers are all within the realm where we have sufficient capacity, and that's good news, it means that we can take care of those that need our help.
• Currently hospitalized: 1,340
• Total in ICU: 3,639
• Currently in ICU: 368
• On a ventilator: 171
• Total recovered: 44,394
• New deaths today: 58 - But then there's our, our tough news, in that today we're announcing 58 new deaths where COVID-19 was a contributing factor. This is one of the higher numbers that we have had. If there is any positive in these death numbers, it's that a smaller and smaller percentage of them are residents in long term care. Of today's 58 only 18 were in long term care which when you think about we used to be at 66% of all fatalities being in long term care, shows you that our prioritization of individuals in long term care for vaccination is working, and it's saving lives; but we are still losing far too many. And I hope this reminds everybody of how dangerous this virus is. Mask up, protect one another, protect yourself and your family. Follow the rules and the regulations. We don't want to lose 58 people on any given day and now we're 3,921 deaths since the start of this pandemic. We just memorialized our 3,000th death, not long ago, by planting flags out here at the Capitol. And we add to that every day. Going from 3000 to 4000 so quickly is a trend that we have to stop. We certainly need to slow it down, and each and every one of you can help by doing your part.
• Total Deaths: 3,921
• New deaths by county: 85 M Ballard, 75 F Boone, 52 M Boone, 67 M Boone, 70 M Boone, 72 M Boone, 74 M Boone, 86 F Bourbon, 79 F Bullitt, 88 F Daviess, 92 M Daviess, 58 F Fayette, 70 F Fayette, 80 F Fayette, 76 M Fayette, 86 M Fayette, 84 F Franklin, 94 F Franklin, 74 F Gallatin, 77 F Graves, 85 M Graves, 69 M Harlan, 75 M Hart, 38 M Jefferson, 59 M Jefferson, 76 M Jefferson, 97 F Kenton, 68 M Kenton, 69 M Kenton, 85 M Kenton, 97 M Kenton, 78 M Lawrence, 82 F Letcher, 85 F Letcher, 87 F Letcher, 96 F Letcher, 63 M Letcher, 66 M Letcher, 67 M Letcher, 89 F Metcalfe, 70 M Montgomery, 78 F Oldham, 39 M Oldham, 71 F Perry, 85 F Perry, 78 F Pike, 79 F Pike, 73 M Pike, 89 M Pike, 69 F Pulaski, 76 M Pulaski, 66 F Rockcastle, 70 M Russell, 80 M Shelby, 77 F Simpson, 67 M Taylor, 65 M Wayne, 80 M Wayne
• So let's remember each one of those entries I read is a person. Loved by their family, missed by their community, maybe their congregation. Somebody who was so important, that was loved, and that we will miss.
• Racial breakdown of all cases: 85% White, 8.5% Black, 5% Multiracial, 1.2% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander
• Ethnicity breakdown of all cases: 94.3% Non-Hispanic, 5.7% Hispanic
• Racial breakdown of all deaths: 88% White, 8.6% Black, 2.7% Multiracial, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% American Indian
• Ethnicity breakdown of all deaths: 98.1% Non-Hispanic, 1.9% Hispanic
• Long Term Care Facilities (PDF): 24 new residents and 20 new staff positive from yesterday, and 2 more deaths. These numbers are- and their daily amounts are changing really significantly, which I think is a ray of hope in what are otherwise, really tragic difficult numbers of deaths that were seeing each day.
  • Total facilities: 334
  • Total deaths: 2179
  • Active cases: 380 residents, 278 staff
  • Total cases: 16625 residents, 12242 staff
• K-12 Update (PDF): PDF update only
• University Update (PDF): PDF update only
• Today, we're specifically honoring the life of Tommie Speagle of Waco, Kentucky, who was 96. She passed away on Saturday after battling COVID-19. We received a touching tribute from her daughter, her caregiver in her later years, sharing how she was the most wonderful mother, grandmother, sister, aunt, and friend. She lived a full life of adventure living across the country from family members, until she met her first husband Newell Edward Bridewell, who passed away from cancer in 1981. Following that loss, she fell in love again with John Spiegel. She overcame challenges in life, such as a speech impediment that halted her education, yet went on to have a great career, and was an avid reader and poem writer. She was also very active in her church, Rice Station Christian in Irvine. Today, our prayers are with her daughter Beverley Morefield, her two sons, Paul Bridewell and William Bridewell, her stepdaughter Sandy Curl, her stepson JC Spiegel, 6 grandchildren, and 14 great-grandchildren. A Wonderful Life and while I’m sure it was a full life, It's not okay that it was cut short by COVID-19. This was someone with a big, large, wonderful family, and it’s really hurting today, and it's been hurting since her passing. So let's think about them, let's think about her. And let's make sure we mask up for one another.
• Alright, let's get on to what I believe is other good news, and that's our vaccination efforts. I wanted to make sure we walked you through, again, the fact that certainly for the past four weeks, we are vaccinating more people than we get first doses for. In other words, we are already at the point where we have more capacity than we have supply. And the reason that so many out there can't get appointments is just a matter of supply. This shows that we're filling every appointment that we can possibly put a vaccine in someone's arm for. And I want to show you, if you get on these every day, there's always going to be one day, where you see the most doses available and one day where you see the least, and here's the reason: We get our shipments on Monday and they become available for vaccination on Tuesday, and they come in a lump sum. So all the new supply for a week goes in on Tuesday and obviously can't vaccinate everybody immediately for that supply. And as you go through the week, you know, we end up burning through that full supply. And I want to show you this today because, with the new amount that we got this week 68,475, we've already gone through 42% of it in two and a half days, because this report cuts off at about noon. So this is just Tuesday, Wednesday, and half of Thursday. So again, we have the capability, we’re getting it out within a week; in fact we're doing more, we're making up for some extra that we had from earlier weeks as we ramped up, the issue here is supply. Now, I want to give you one other piece of good news, you look down there and you see 401,264 Kentuckians that have had their first shot through one of either the state program, or the long term care program that the federal government contracted with Walgreens and CVS; but those aren't the only Kentuckians that are receiving doses from other places. The federal government is also providing doses to the Bureau of Prisons, to VAs, to Department of Defense workers. And today we got numbers that in addition to the 401,264 that have been vaccinated through the programs we've talked about, another 18,244 Kentuckians have been vaccinated according to the federal government. The vast majority of that of the 18,244 are from the VAs that have vaccinated almost 16,000 Kentuckians, so we appreciate that. So when you, when you add it in word about 419,500, just a little over that, Kentuckians that have had at least their first dose. We are really close to 10% of our total population that has been vaccinated and certainly when you remove 18 and under or 16 and under that can't be vaccinated, you know that's about a million people, so the numbers are better there. But again, everything we're getting, we're getting in people's arms. We're also working to be intentional, knowing that we need an equitable rollout of this vaccine but that also there is real hesitancy out there. We're not being impacted right now by that hesitancy in scheduling appointments. But if we want to get to immunity, and if we want to make sure underserved populations and other groups are getting vaccinated at the rate that they should, that that other populations are, we know we have to be addressing this on the front end. And that's why we do some programs where people who are trusted by their communities are asked to take the vaccine so that they can be a real life example, and to share with their community, that this is safe. So, during this last week we've had two separate times where we've had faith leaders that have come to Frankfort, that have been vaccinated, and that are sharing their stories with their flocks, talking about the safety of it. It's been a special experience, they helped us plant the flags today to honor the newly lost, but to see people who have also dedicated their lives to service stepping up and wanting to show people that it's safe. James put together a short video, let's give it a look, I hope you enjoy it.
• Video: Hi, I'm Barbara Hager, the pastor of Broadway Temple and Design Church in Louisville, Kentucky. I’m Bishop John Stowe and the Catholic Diocese of Lexington. Hello, I'm Bernetta Cosby from St. Stephen Baptist Church. Rabbi-Shlomo Litvin, Chabad of the Bluegrass. Hi my name is Philip Lotspeich I'm with the Presbyterian Church USA, I just got my first vaccine shot. Hey ya’ll, I did it, I just got my shot. I think you should too. I just received my vaccination for COVID-19 and hope all of our faithful will do the same. I just got my vaccination and I'm encouraging everyone to get theirs, whenever possible. I just received my first dose of the Moderna vaccine, and I'm encouraging each of you to do the same, so that we can protect one another, and our communities. Trust is an integral part of the medical process, and today, we're working with the governor to inspire that trust in the community. So I got my vaccine, I hope you get yours, and trust the process, believe in your community together and we can get through this. This promotes the common good and helps us to promote a healthier Kentucky. And I encourage everybody to go out and get it as soon as it's offered to you, because that's our way to get back at serving God, in the way that we want to. Governor Beshear has done a wonderful job in leading our community to think about each other. He has personalized losses that our state has experienced through COVID, and is trying to keep us on one team and one place as one community to make our state, our Commonwealth, more healthy, and to overcome this terrible challenge. You guys, we're almost through this pandemic, but we have to stay vigilant, the pandemic is still on the rise. Please wear your mask, social distance, stay safe out there. Be sure to mask up Kentucky.
• It was exciting, and moving and having over the course of those two events, 50 different faith leaders that together reach hundreds of 1000s of people, was truly special. This is also something that came out of community conversations that we had, about how to build trust and how we can build trust, especially in communities that we need to reach, and that in the past haven't been treated right in vaccination efforts. And if I can, when a video is playing, is the one time I actually get to watch Virginia. You do an amazing job in conveying the emotion, and I know that's why Kentucky loves you so much.
• Alright, in other good news, we continue to fill out our map on regional and local vaccination sites. I want to show you the map as we announced it last Thursday, which shows you some of the larger sites.
• There we go, this was last Thursday when we announced the Horse Park site, Ephraim McDowell, and our two Paducah sites. And this was already creating a lot of options for everybody to get online, to get on our website, and to know where their regional vaccination site is. Today, I'm going to announce four new sites, I'll tell you about them in a minute, but let's go to the next map. And this is how it will impact it. You can see Northern Kentucky, you can see Bowling Green, you can see Callaway County, you can see Glasgow, Barren County there.
• But after I'm done announcing the new regional centers, Dr Stack is going to talk to you about the local health department program. And when you overlay that here's what it looks like. As you can see, the map is filling up. And each one of those red pins is a local health department that has brick and mortar places in every county in their region. This is going to provide vaccine all over Kentucky. There will be limited numbers depending on the size of the entity that's getting it. But I hope that you see, we're building this airplane as we're flying it, the airplane is starting to look really good, and our efficiency of the airplane is already over 100%. But this, when you look at it, this is the structure we've got to have for the amount of supply that we want. If we were just happy having a structure that they could administer the amount of supply we had right now, shame on us for not working to be ready for that moment when we can get hundreds of 1000s of vaccines to get out to Kentuckians. Our goal is to be able to far exceed what we think we can do today, which is about 250,000 vaccines a week-- to get that number significantly up to where if they gave us enough vaccine for our entire population, our hope is that we could do it in a matter of weeks. That would be the greatest problem that we could ever ask for.

(continued in stickied comment)

Comment your opinion or criticize someone else's opinion in a constructive way.
I will edit this table with better ideas I get from the comments.
This is my opinion, these are very simple general assessments, ideas for solutions to get us to talk & discuss these issue. Some of these things we cannot change easily or overnight, but we can make the decision that we will improve & have an improvement mindset right now.
I hope this makes you look at your issues in your own local town, city, country, region & apply this info or take it & evolve it into something better, time is running out, we have to change & improve ourselves, our countries in Africa & the Middle East now, or we will face a very bad future.
What awaits us down this current path is not good, but luckily we can change, improve & build a better future.
Everything you do matters, we are all cells inside an organism or nodes inside a network, we are all connected, literally these days through electricity & internet, just keep moving forward, evaluate, improve, but keep moving forward, don't stop.
Everything starts with a thought, an idea, imagination, they turn into words, actions & become reality.
​

Issue	Harm	Solutions
1 ) Lack Of Freedom	Harm from Restricting Freedom of speech & expression affects EVERYTHING, from being able to discuss new ideas, innovations & solutions without fear, complaining about corrupt officials, taking powerful companies to court, fighting against companies connected to corrupt politicians, speaking out against corruption, dictators, corrupt police, making posts, pics & videos about "sensitive" issues, etc...	We need legal protection for non-hateful, non-violent free speech & peaceful protesting. For now we can make posts, memes, comments, jokes, etc... about these issues to bring more awareness. We can choose to be free today, we must push the limits in some cases. Don't call for or threaten violence or hate, or harass people, be peaceful, but you can have different opinions & ways of doing things, that's ok. We'd still be living in trees or caves if we didn't have people who tried new things. Think free, be reasonable & enjoy yourself. Stay safe.
2 ) Not accepting people as they are, focusing on petty differences, but ignore big issues that can really harm us	Harms us when some of us put too much energy in trying to control our differences, what we think, what we do, how we dress, how we look like, talk, etc... & make big issues out of small thing & shift focus away from the things that really matter.	Just improve yourself, improve what's around you & if others want your advice or help, you can help them improve too, other than that, mind your own business. We have limited time & energy everyday, don't contribute with negativity & pettiness, yes, we're not perfect, but don't make it who you are.
3 ) Corruption	Harms citizen's faith in the system, in their officials & in each other because corruption becomes the normal way of doing things. It deprives honest people of succeeding, keeps corrupt parasites profiting instead of earning their profit honestly like we all should. Foreign citizens & companies don't want to invest in a corrupt system they don't trust.	Talk, post, discuss, make memes, videos about corrupt officials, corrupt systems & some proposed solutions. File complaints & lawsuits in the legal system. Start groups online & offline to discuss & take legal action to root our corruption & build better honest systems. If you see corruption, do not let it slide, root it out & stop it, do whatever you can & stay safe.
4 ) Crime	Harms us by either taking our lives, harming our physical & mental well being, deprives us of our personal property. Makes us feel unsafe & distrustful of others when crime is rampant & not addressed by the authorities. Causes harm in every system in our countries, no one wants to live, visit, do their best or just relax & live a normal life when they don't feel safe.	Our police should focus mainly on : Violence ( police brutality, murder, robbery, rape, assault, abuse, threats & anything similar ) & Non-violent ( scams, fraud, theft, property crime, white collar crime, cyber crime & anything similar ) Drugs should be decriminalized & treated as a health issue, not a criminal one. Bring attention to any issues in your area, do what you can, invest in your own & your family's self defense & home security. You are the main protector of yourself, stay safe.
5 ) Low quality Infrastructure & Public Services	Harms us by making things harder for us & wasting too much of our time & energy on getting things done that should be done in more efficient & faster ways. Public transportation, education, speed of govt. listening to & fixing things, from hazards, dangers, lack of clean water, slow or unreliable internet or electricity, inefficient processes, etc...	We & our govt. must find ways & new ideas to fund & improve our infrastructure & public services. Everyone should be able to get where they want ASAP, have fast internet, stable electricity, clean water, good court systems, etc... So we can get to our work & leisure without all these issues we don't have to have anymore.
6 ) Low Quality Education	Harms students by not preparing them for adult life, university, technical school, job application, starting their own business or investing. By not understanding the political systems, healthcare, monetary system, science, how all these these systems affect each other, critical thinking, etc... Everything in life is about information, our own cells even, without the right information & guides we will be lost & not progress as fast as we should.	For now we can supplement our education systems with things like Khan Academy & other online learning resources, we should use or start existing online system & offline systems & groups too. The knowledge is out there, we have to find solutions to make it more accessible & low cost to anyone who wants education. Last, but not least the way our students are treated has to improve, respect students & they will respect you back, if they don't, reasonable constructive non-physical & non-abusive punishment will do, then reward good behavior.
7 ) Inefficient Job Market	Harms applicants & employers by not making jobs easy to post, find & fill roles with quality applicants fast. Pushes people looking for jobs into hardships & problems from lack of a stable source of income, hurts people with business by not finding the right people who will help with their business, keep it running & make it better.	Create as many job sites & apps to connect business owners & govt. with job applicants ASAP. We must treat our employees with respect & pay them a fair living wage. Also root out nepotism, discrimination, racism, sexism, etc.... Hire people based on their ability & fit for the job, not who you think should be in charge & corrupt business owners & corrupt govt officials who favor certain people or companies & accept bribes for contracts must be rooted out.
8 ) Difficulty Starting Business or Registering Patents	Harms entire economy by making process difficult & unclear for inexperienced business owners or patent owners. Not approving or delaying things due to corruption & fear of competition, deprives country of new businesses that could be the next international company or new ideas, patents & technology that can improve the country significantly.	Bring awareness to this issue, to create an easier, more reliable & honest system for business in all our countries. Create media, from posts, to memes, videos, bring famous people on board, complain to the govt, propose new ideas, etc... The only way is to get the govt. aware of this issue & let them see that it's more beneficial for them & all of us to fix it, than it is to leave it the same
9 ) Complicated & untrustworthy investments	Harms us by not having reliable,simple to understand investments that earn us interest on our money. From both the private & govt. sector. Not only for citizens, but for foreigners too, investments fund businesses & govt. instead of taking loans.	Learn about local investments & write guides about them if you become an expert. Propose ideas & systems or start your own investment vehicle in a reliable & simple way with different risk levels (low/med/high) depending on what the investor wants. Report all investment scams & frauds to the police. Post about them & warn others.
10 ) Brain Drain	Harms us when some of our best minds, go to other countries without all these harmful issues we have. Instead of these great minds & scholars staying in our countries, fixing these issues, improving our economy & creating new technology & solutions, they help other countries which give our people better conditions to prosper in.	On a personal level, try to offer scholars & intellectuals incentives & opportunities to stay, bring awareness to this issue by creating media, so the govt. starts studying this issue, identifying the main causes & solving them ASAP, the whole economy is connected & these people who leave, see that, lose hope & leave...we have to make it a better place.
11 ) Using Foreign Currency & investing in foreign treasury securities & other govt or private investments.	Harms our currency by depending on US Dollar, Euro, UK Pound, FR Franc, etc... it reduces liquidity of our currencies. Investing in their foreign govt treasury securities finances their govt, instead of ours & their govt will always issue new currency, if they default on these securities, since their currency is widely accepted.	Avoid using foreign currency & investing in foreign treasury securities when possible. Use African & Middle Eastern currency or cryptocurrency (Bitcoin, etc..). Invest in African/Middle Eastern Treasury securities or other govt or private investments, not foreign.
12 ) War, Invasion & Occupation	Harms us by destroying our country, the enemy seizing land, natural resources, commits unpunished violence against innocent citizens, creating chaos, destroying our lives, safety & future.	Our govt develops defensive fusion & some Fission Nukes in ICBMs & SLBMs, Drone Swarms, cruise missiles, missile defense systems, satellites, Long range radars & sonars, etc... to let aggressors know, the price of attacking & attempting to destroy our country, is the swift destruction of their country. We want peace, freedom & prosperity for everyone in all countries. We want to engage in trade & leisure, business & pleasure, with everyone in all countries. Don't threaten or attack us.
13 ) Sanctions	Harms us by isolating us, restricting our trading, advancement & weakening our economy further. (That's their purpose)	Our govt. should stop doing anything that will get us sanctioned (corruption, terrorism, etc... ), but should not stop doing anything defensive, it is our right to develop & buy whatever defensive technology we need to defend ourselves.

Three questions NewToEMS community:

1. What are questions you've been asked while interviewing at a private ambulance company?
2. Perhaps more importantly, what are questions that you yourself have asked to determine whether that company is a good fit?
3. Any other advice or recommendations you have?

Recently got my EMT certs and have first-time interviews coming up this week at five different private ambulance companies. I made my best effort to consolidate what has been posted over the last few years, and linked/credited the original author. I'll continue to add what you suggest below!

Questions you might be asked

• Describe yourself
• Why do you want to be an EMT? With us?
• How did you handle XYZ challenges in your previous job?
• What is a strength you can bring to the team?
• Tell us about a time you had a conflict with someone
• Why did you choose this company/department?
• What is you 5 year plan? (Paramedic school, nursing school, etc)
• What is your end goal? (Full-time fire, ICU Nurse, Doctor, PA?)
• How is your driving record? (Be prepared to be honest about anything on it)
• What type of schedule are you looking for?
• Define customer service and how it relates to EMS? u/MKEsteakout
• What do you consider a perfect partner? u/westofeden0404
• What do you do with an injured unaccompanied minor? (implied consent)
• What do you do if you witness a collision en route to a call? (report it but keep going, stopping=negligence) u/GoldenBeaRR6
• While on a call you see a fire captain pocketing a bottle of the patient's prescription narcotics. What would you do? u/invertedbottles
• Could you give me examples from past experience where you demonstrated the ability to control a crowd during an emergency situation?
• How would you respond if you were to arrive on an emergency scene too late to be of assistance, and bystanders hold you accountable?
• How did you display the ability to maintain equipment proficiently in your previous position?
• Do you have the ability to remain calm at all times, and why would you say so?
• How do you prevent your personal problems from affecting your performance at work? u/kingacejj
• You arrive on scene and there is an AOx4 person refusing care (who probably need its) what would you do? Ok, same scenario except now the patient is AOx2. u/rjb524
• How serious are you about this? How long do you plan on staying in the area? (Trying to suss out whether they’ll get a good return on investment.) u/CentSG2
• You and your partner who is higher rank than you (Paramedic) get to a call and your partner is doing a procedure that will harm the patient. What would you do? u/fairlysocial
• Come prepared to go through your medical assessments and trauma assessments (its common). be prepared to answer questions to career goals, simulating conflicts with coworkers (what would you do if your coworker was breaking the rules etc), your strengths and weaknesses u/lpbtime
• Be prepared for general things like “tell us a little about yourself” of course, or “where you see yourself in 5 years”, but also chain of command questions are popular for EMS positions, and scenarios asking what you do when your coworker is late to their shift or leaves you a messy unstocked ambulance after a busy night. u/Scribblebonx
• Name a dangerous situation you were involved in. Name a POTENTIALLY dangerous situation you were involved with and what you did to resolve it. Name a situation you had to use other resources to resolve an issue. u/ItheCardinal
• Why you want to be an emt, why you want to work for them, why prn instead of full time (they might try to talk you into it if their short haha), comfort level, do you have your license already, experience, ever driven an ambo before, when can you start, anything going to pop on your background, clean driving record (no moving violations), are you familiar with the area, are you familiar with the fire depts, are you familiar with the hospital, ever used a lifepak/zol/ect, and a few others possibly. 7YearOldCodPlayer

Questions you should ask the company

• How do you define success in this role? u/Seal_Team420
• Is this a new position or would I be replacing someone? If someone left, why did they leave? What measures has your service taken to protect your employees during this pandemic? What are some common challenges new hires encounter during their probation? Are there any in-house education/training opportunities? u/I_Am_Ron_Burgandy
• What is your turnover rate? Why do people leave your company? How would you describe the attitude the employees have about working here? u/MKEsteakout
• The things I look for in a company (7yrs in EMS) are the benefits the company offers you; aside from pay, insurance, PTO. You'll want to see how well a company treats it's employees as well as any extra incentives it can provide (Holiday pay, hazard pay, vacation, additional benefits such as company stock, etc). u/TexasMedic556
• EVOC and FTO training and everything. These should all be points that should be addressed in the in-person interview. Either they bring it up or you do. Grill them as hard as they grill you (but respectfully, it's still an interview). u/KrAzyDrummer
• Call volume, call type (IFT, pure 911, fire turfs), shift schedule, staff turnover rates, amenities of quarters, training opportunities (none, recert, higher cert). u/500ls
• Where do they cover? Is there mutual aid (locally we spend a lot of time in our secondary areas due to staffing)? They know you’re new- ask about how they do orientation and what the expectations are. Will you work split trucks or straight BLS? Do you need EVOC or other driving training? How are you “cleared” for duty after getting started? u/calyps09
• What kind of details do you do? 911? What’s the dispatch type, is it from base or patrol style? Shift length? Commitment to safety, PPE stocks, shift length, average length of employment (if low maybe a bad place to work), call volume? u/CoffeePie87
• How often do you have to beg someone to take an additional shift? How often is my time off subject to you calling me asking me if I'm available to take a patient transfer. What is your internal competency training like? I want to be proficient in all of my skills and acquire new skills by practicing them. What is the overall attitude of the service and how is it perceived in the community? Also, what is your operating budget in terms of funds for making improvements and upgrades to the service. Is your living quarters, livable? What equipment do you have for my own health and safety, like power cots. Also, what resources are available to me on calls, for example is the fire service available to help with lift assist, CPR in progress, etc. u/piemat

Other advice/recommendations

• STAR method. Situation, Task, Action, Result.Research and practice that bro. Good luck. u/themikelee
• Most companies will do a written and skill assessment post hiring, typically in the form of a protocol test and "mega-code" assessment to ensure a new hire is able to perform his or her duties to the company standard. Just because one does or doesn't isn't a direct indicator if it is a good or bad company in general. u/TexasMedic556
• I would wear full suit that's what I did when I interviewed and as for the interview we had to use a BAR response format. If you don't know what it is it's when they ask for an example for like customer service or whatever. When talking about a story you talk about the BACKGROUND behind the story, the ACTION you took and why you took it and the RESPONSE that people had to your action/the outcome. That will get you though a pretty standard interview. u/Burns0425
• I would get a cheap folder or two or three, put a copy of all of your certifications, you’re driving record, resume, and anything else listed as require in the posting. Make sure it’s put together nicely and give it to those that are going to be interviewing you. You could also get a cheap flash drive if you have digital versions of everything to provide them that too as it may be easier to add to your employee file later down the road. I would have a list of references available and with you should they ask for one. Look presentable. Business casual at a minimum, I would recommend a suit and tie. If you are a smoker, make sure you don’t smell of it. u/8berner8
• Be honest, be professional, and look the part. Hair cut, shaved/beard trimmed or 'conservative' make up, and clean clothes. Whoever you're interviewing with will likely give you some kind of dress code. If you're unsure, it's always better to be over dressed than under. Review some of your major notes on medicine, look into your state regulations, and be at least passingly familiar with them. If you know what area you'll be operating in, try to be a little familiar with it as well. In all likelihood, you'll be perfectly fine. Just be polite and friendly. Most places are hurting for EMTs, so the game is in your favor. u/LefthandedLink
• What types of scenarios should one typically expect in an EMTB interview?u/Diabeetush

So look at your state protocols. Every medical/traumatic event in there you should know how to recognize and treat at the EMT-B level.
Pick a topic, and ask these basic questions to study:
What are the presentations/signs/symptoms? This will help you identify what line of treatment you want to follow.
What are the causes? This will help specifically tailor your treatment, and in reverse, help confirm/better identify the specific problem with the patient.
How do I treat at the EMT-B level? This is pretty straightforward. This may be specific assessments (stroke scale) or direct treatments (provision of 0.3mg of IM epinephrine)
Here's a good list of stuff to have a competence in:
Abdominal pain/nausea/diarrhea, seizure, sepsis, breathing problems, chest pain, stroke, allergic reaction/anaphylaxis, diabetic problems, cardiac arrest, overdose/poisonings, hypehypothermia, dehydration, and trauma of all kind

Currently pregnant with my second child. I've been here before with anxious posts. Now I'm just frustrated. Here are some things I wish I had known or heard about before or during my first pregnancy. I'm sure there will be moms in here who are like, I've heard of all those things... or none of this is a big deal. Or if you're a non-toxic mom who got all this shit right from the jump...you may not relate, but kudos for being ahead of the game! This rant is for people like me, who somehow didn't come across this information and wished they had, for the sake of their unborn and born children.
​

1. Prenatal vitamins (and all supplements) are not regulated. The FDA responds AFTER someone gets hurt. It's basically an honor system. Google heavy metals (lead/mercury) in prenatal vitamins. A lot of supplements don't contain what they say they do, or don't absorb like they are supposed to. Fun stuff.
2. Google lead in toys...and art supplies...and dishes...fake Christmas trees...Christmas lights...mini blinds...ceramic tiles....wood varnish...stainless steel water bottles ...door knobs...dresser knobs....spices, like turmeric....makeup, like lipstick...WINE...chocolate....stained glass windows...KEYS...brass anything....[Guys just educate yourself on lead and especially lead dust. The US government states in several places that there's no safe level of lead...yet they allow it in our products, including children's products.]
3. Toss any vintage toys, tea sets, ceramics, plates, glasses, pre 1986ish books, antiques, furniture, jewelry... actually any toy pre-2011. Tell your MIL or your mom that you're sorry she saved your shit your whole life to give to your kids, but it's not safe. Toy safety regulations have changed, most recently between 2008-2011.When I mentioned this to my pediatrician's office, they were like "Oh yeah, we don't recommend kids play with vintage toys." which was never discussed with me.
4. I wish someone had told me to have my home assessed for hazards like lead paint, lead pipes, PFAS in water, asbestos, etc. I regret not testing paint, pipes, water and the soil outside my house. If you have your house assessed, test your tiles for lead before you rip them up.
5. Don't let kids play with things that aren't meant for kids. Only toys are regulated for children. Adults are free to poison themselves.
6. Check second hand items to see if they've been recalled (and sign up for recall notifications): https://www.saferproducts.gov/
7. Wish someone had mentioned "off gassing" to me.
8. Have you ever heard of leaded crystal? Me either! But I had some that we drank out of, and apparently lead can leach from the crystal into your drinks. Think Waterford, Galway...wedding gifts, grandma's crystal. There are scientific papers on this. Why is it still being sold?
9. Don't dismiss Prop65 warnings. I know they're everywhere. But, I tried to buy a faucet, and long story short I found out there's actually no such thing as "lead free" faucets (at least, not affordable). Also update your plumbing fixtures. Standards changed in 2014.
10. There's so many toxins and things to be aware of. Phthalates? BPAs? Plastic in general? Mercury...lead...chromium...cadmium....PFAS....VOCs...arsenic...flame retardants...What else am I missing?
11. Edited to add: Face paint. I was missing Face paint used on kids, and all the toxic shit in that.

We can't be expected to know it all, and we can't expect that companies are looking out for us or our children.
I'm sure some people will think I'm nuts. That's fine. But if I spare one person the agony of thinking they exposed their kid to lead or some other shit unknowingly, I can live with that.
​
​
*Edited to add: I've mentioned lead a lot. That's because lead causes irreversible damage, even in tiny doses. Think loss of IQ points, symptoms that look like autism and ADHD, developmental delays, and lifelong health consequences. Get your blood lead levels checked if your OB doesn't already do it. I had to ask for mine.

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1. Torts: Cases and Materials, 4th Edition: Aaron D. Twerski & James A. Henderson & W. Bradley Wendel
   
2. Global Occupational Safety and Health Management Handbook, 1st Edition: Thomas P. Fuller
   
3. Parametric Modeling with SOLIDWORKS 2020: Randy Shih & Paul Schilling
   
4. Tort Law: Responsibilities and Redress, 4th Edition: John C. P. Goldberg & Anthony J. Sebok & Benjamin C. Zipursky
   
5. Evidence-Based Diagnosis: An Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology, 2nd Edition: Thomas B. Newman & Michael A. Kohn
   
6. Thesis and Dissertation Writing in a Second Language: A Handbook for Students and their Supervisors, 2nd Edition: Brian Paltridge & Sue Starfield
   
7. Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation, 5th Edition: William Prentice
   
8. Information Privacy Law, 6th Edition: Daniel J. Solove & Paul M. Schwartz
   
9. Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition: Diane R. Gehart
   
10. Introduction to Probability, 2nd Edition: Joseph K. Blitzstein & Jessica Hwang
    
11. Leadership Growth Through Crisis: An Investigation of Leader Development During Tumultuous Circumstances, 1st Edition, 2020 Edition: Bruce E. Winston
    
12. Unequivocal Justice, 1st Edition: Christopher Freiman
    
13. Louise Brigham and the Early History of Sustainable Furniture Design: Antoinette LaFarge
    
14. Circular Entrepreneurship: Creating Responsible Enterprise, 1st Edition, 2019 Edition: Antonella Zucchella & Sabine Urban
    
15. AP Human Geography: with 2 Practice Tests, 9th Edition: Meredith Marsh & Peter S. Alagona
    
16. Applied Sport Mechanics, 4th Edition: Brendan Burkett
    
17. Applied Theories in Occupational Therapy: A Practical Approach, 2nd Edition: Marilyn B. Cole & Roseanna Tufano
    
18. Introducing SEO: Your quick-start guide to effective SEO practices: Aravind Shenoy & Anirudh Prabhu
    
19. Essentials of Internal Medicine, 4th Edition: Ardhendu Sinha Ray & Abhisekh Sinha Ray
    
20. Aspen Treatise for Federal Jurisdiction, 7th Edition: Erwin Chemerinsky
    
21. The Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 1st Edition, 2016 Edition: Timothy J. Petersen & Susan E. Sprich & Sabine Wilhelm
    
22. Conflicting Philosophies and International Trade Law: Worldviews and the WTO, 1st Edition, 2018 Edition: Michael Burkard
    
23. Consciousness in the Physical World: Perspectives on Russellian Monism, 1st Edition: Torin Alter & Yujin Nagasawa
    
24. Ethical Issues in Behavioral Neuroscience: Grace Lee & Judy Illes & Frauke Ohl
    
25. Pediatric Epidemiology: Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Volume 21: W. Kiess & C. G. Bornehag & C. Gennings
    
26. Behavioral Pharmacology of Neuropeptides: Oxytocin, 1st Edition: Rene Hurlemann & Valery Grinevich
    
27. Behavioral Neurobiology of Psychedelic Drugs: Adam L. Halberstadt & Franz X. Vollenweider & David E. Nichols
    
28. Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory, 1st Edition, 2018 Edition: Robert E. Clark & Stephen Martin
    
29. The Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Discrimination, 1st Edition, 2018 Edition: Joseph H. Porter & Adam J. Prus
    
30. Biomarkers in Psychiatry, 1st Edition, 2018 Edition: Judith Pratt & Jeremy Hall
    
31. Processes of Visuospatial Attention and Working Memory, 1st Edition, 2019 Edition: Timothy Hodgson
    
32. Behavioral Neurogenomics, 1st Edition, 2019 Edition: Elisabeth B. Binder & Torsten Klengel
    
33. Clinical Laboratory Hematology, 3rd Edition: Shirlyn McKenzie & Lynne Williams
    
34. Exploring the Solar System: The History and Science of Planetary Exploration, 2013th Edition: R. Launius
    
35. Ecosystem Services: Economics and Policy: Stephen Muddiman
    
36. Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, 3rd Edition: Iain G. Currie & I.G. Currie
    
37. Crossing Numbers of Graphs, 1st Edition: Marcus Schaefer
    
38. Wintrobe's Atlas of Clinical Hematology, 2nd Edition: Babette Weksler & Geraldine P Schechter & Scott Ely
    
39. Crystal Optics: Properties and Applications, 1st Edition: Ashim Kumar Bain
    
40. Basic Contract Law for Paralegals, 9th Edition: Jeffrey A. Helewitz
    
41. Theory and Practice in Clinical Social Work, 3rd Edition: Jerry R. Brandell
    
42. American Government: A Brief Introduction, Brief 15th Edition: Theodore J. Lowi & Benjamin Ginsberg & Kenneth A. Shepsle & Stephen Ansolabehere
    
43. Principles of Life, 3rd Edition: David M. Hillis & Mary V. Price & Richard W. Hill
    
44. Doing the Best I Can: Fatherhood in the Inner City, 1st Edition: Kathryn Edin & Timothy J. Nelson
    
45. How to Avoid Falling in Love with a Jerk: The Foolproof Way to Follow Your Heart Without Losing Your Mind, 1st Edition: John Van Epp
    
46. Learning Python, 5th Edition: Mark Lutz
    
47. Reel Spirituality: Theology and Film in Dialogue, 2nd Edition: Robert K. Johnston
    
48. Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses, 16th Edition: April Hazard Vallerand & Cynthia A. Sanoski
    
49. Database Administration: The Complete Guide to DBA Practices and Procedures, 2nd Edition: Craig S. Mullins
    
50. Discrete Mathematics, 5th Edition: Kenneth Ross & Charles Wright
    
51. Fundamentals of Clinical Supervision, 5th Edition: Janine M. Bernard & Rodney K. Goodyear
    
52. Organizational Behavior in Health Care, 3rd Edition: Nancy Borkowski
    
53. Purchasing & Supply Chain Management, 7th Edition: Arjan J. van Weele
    
54. Consumer Behavior, 2nd Edition: Frank Kardes & Maria Cronley & Thomas Cline
    
55. Early Education Curriculum: A Child’s Connection to the World, 7th Edition: Nancy Beaver & Susan Wyatt & Hilda Jackman
    
56. The History of Prime Time Television, Revised 1st Edition: George Lee Marshall
    
57. Studying Public Policy: Principles and Processes, 4th Edition: Michael Howlett & M. Ramesh & Anthony Perl
    
58. Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths, 4th Edition: EVA M. Thury
    
59. Financial Management: Core Concepts, 4th Edition: Raymond Brooks
    
60. Introduction to Criminal Justice: A Brief Edition: John Randolph Fuller
    
61. Basic Technical Mathematics with Calculus, SI Version, 11th Edition: Allyn J. Washington & Michelle Boué
    
62. Strategic Management: Text and Cases, 10th Edition: Gregory Dess & Gerry McNamara & Alan Eisner & Seung-Hyun Lee
    
63. Puntos, Student Edition, 11th Edition: Thalia Dorwick & Ana María Pérez-Gironés
    
64. Dialogue and Deliberation, 1st Edition: Josina M. Makau & Debian L. Marty
    
65. Media Politics: A Citizen's Guide, 4th Edition: Shanto Iyengar
    
66. The Regulatory State, 3rd Edition: Lisa Schultz Bressman & Edward L. Rubin & Kevin M. Stack
    
67. Digital Logic Design and Computer Organization with Computer Architecture for Security, 1st Edition: Nikrouz Faroughi
    
68. Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st Century, 11th Edition: Wayne Weiten & Dana S. Dunn & Elizabeth Yost Hammer
    
69. Entrepreneurship: A Real-World Approach, 2nd Edition: Rhonda Abrams
    
70. Entrepreneurship: A Real-World Approach, 1st Edition: Rhonda Abrams
    
71. The Fundamentals of Small Group Communication: Scott A. Myers
    
72. Guccione's Geriatric Physical Therapy, 4th Edition: Dale Avers & Rita Wong
    
73. Assessing Students with Special Needs, 8th Edition: Effie Kritikos & James McLoughlin & Rena Lewis
    
74. Statistics for Business and Economics, 8th Edition: Paul Newbold & William Carlson & Betty Thorne
    
75. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice, 6th Edition: David L. Weimer & Aidan R. Vining
    
76. Intermediate Accounting IFRS, 4th Edition: Donald E. Kieso & Jerry J. Weygandt & Terry D. Warfield
    
77. Designing for People: An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering, 3rd Edition: John D Lee & Christopher D. Wickens & Yili Liu & Linda Ng Boyle
    
78. Statistics for Business and Economics: Global Edition, 8th Edition: Paul Newbold & William Carlson & Betty Thorne
    
79. Cybercrime and Digital Forensics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition: Thomas J. Holt & Adam M. Bossler & Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar
    
80. Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research, 4th Edition: Kevin Woo
    
81. Starting out with Visual C#, 5th Edition: Tony Gaddis
    
82. Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics, 7th Edition: Neil J. Salkind & Bruce B. Frey
    
83. Mammographic Imaging, 4th Edition: Shelly Lille & Wendy Marshall
    
84. Interpersonal Communication: Relating to Others, 9th Edition: Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe & Mark V. Redmond
    
85. Moral Development and Reality: Beyond the Theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt, 4th Edition: John C. Gibbs
    
86. The Practice of Public Relations, 14th Edition: Fraser P. Seitel
    
87. Clinical Interviewing, 6th Edition: John Sommers-Flanagan & Rita Sommers-Flanagan
    
88. Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice, 7th Edition: Derald Wing Sue & David Sue
    
89. Orientation to the Counseling Profession: Advocacy, Ethics, and Essential Professional Foundations, 3rd Edition: Bradley Erford
    
90. Chemistry, 4th Edition: Allan Blackman & Steven E. Bottle & Siegbert Schmid & Mauro Mocerino & Uta Wille
    
91. Study Guide for Lewis' Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 11th Edition: Mariann M. Harding & Collin Bowman-Woodall & Jeffrey Kwong
    
92. Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools, 2nd Edition: Alfred Aho & Monica Lam & Ravi Sethi & Jeffrey Ullman
    
93. Clinical Companion to Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 11th Edition: Debra Hagler & Mariann M. Harding & Jeffrey Kwong
    
94. Comprehensive Care of the Transgender Patient: Cecile A Ferrando
    
95. Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates, 5th Edition: Edmund S. Cibas & Barbara S. Ducatman
    
96. Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 3rd Edition: Denise Guinn
    
97. The Early Slavs: Eastern Europe from the Initial Settlement to the Kievan Rus, 1st Edition: Pavel Dolukhanov
    
98. Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings, 9th Edition: Marianne M. Jennings
    
99. Life: The Science of Biology, 12th Edition: David M. Hillis & H. Craig Heller & Sally D. Hacker & David W. Hall & Marta J. Laskowski & David E. Sadava
    
100. Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics, 7th Edition: Neil J. Salkind & Bruce B. Frey
     
101. The Complete Poems of George Whalley: George Whalley
     
102. Multinational Management: A Strategic Approach, 7th Edition: John B. Cullen & K. Praveen Parboteeah
     
103. Cultures of the West: A History, Volume 2: Since 1350, 3rd Edition: Clifford R. Backman
     
104. Social Problems, 7th Edition: John J. Macionis
     
105. Strategic Management, 5th Edition: Frank Rothaermel
     
106. Beginning & Intermediate Algebra, 6th Edition: Elayn Martin-Gay
     
107. Games of Strategy, 5th Edition: Avinash K. Dixit & Susan Skeath & David McAdams
     
108. Organization Development and Change, 11th Edition: Thomas G. Cummings & Christopher G. Worley
     
109. Envision in Depth: Reading, Writing, and Researching Arguments, 4th Edition: Christine L. Alfano & Alyssa J. O'Brien
     
110. Principles of Macroeconomics, 13th Edition: Karl E. Case & Ray C. Fair & Sharon E. Oster
     
111. Labor Economics: Principles in Practice, 2nd Edition: Kenneth McLaughlin
     
112. College Mathematics for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and Social Sciences, 14th Edition: Raymond Barnett & Michael Ziegler & Karl Byleen & Christopher Stocker
     
113. South-Western Federal Taxation 2021: Corporations, Partnerships, Estates and Trusts, 44th Edition: William A. Raabe & James C. Young & Annette Nellen
     
114. Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition, 3rd Edition: P.L. Senger
     
115. Dyce, Sack, and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 5th Edition: Baljit Singh
     
116. Domestic Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists, 5th Edition: Katherine A. Houpt
     
117. Histology: A Text and Atlas, 6th Edition: Michael H. Ross & Wojciech Pawlina
     
118. Cunningham's Textbook of Veterinary Physiology, 5th Edition: Bradley G. Klein
     
119. Statistics: A Tool for Social Researchers in Canada, 4th Canadian Edition: Riva Lieflander & Joseph Healey & Steven Prus
     
120. Rules for Writers with 2020 APA Update, 9th Edition: Diana Hacker & Nancy Sommers
     
121. The Future of 24-Hour News: New Directions, New Challenges, 1st Edition: Stephen Cushion & Richard Sambrook
     
122. Nutrition Through the Life Cycle, 7th Edition: Judith E. Brown
     
123. Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 5th Edition: Tommie L. Norris
     
124. The Parapsychology Revolution: A Concise Anthology of Paranormal and Psychical Research: Robert M. Schoch & Logan Yonavjak
     
125. The Lonely City: Adventures in the Art of Being Alone: Olivia Laing
     
126. Mastering 'Metrics: The Path from Cause to Effect: Joshua D. Angrist & Jörn-Steffen Pischke
     
127. Design of Fluid Thermal Systems, 4th Edition: William S. Janna
     
128. Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It?, 2nd Edition: Pamela J. Schram & Stephen G. Tibbetts
     
129. Essentials of Health Policy and Law, 4th Edition: Sara E. Wilensky & Joel B. Teitelbaum
     
130. Health Economics and Financing, 5th Edition: Thomas E. Getzen
     
131. Medicine in Translation: Journeys with My Patients, 1st Edition: Danielle Ofri
     
132. Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology: Scott O. Lilienfeld & Steven Jay Lynn & Jeffrey M. Lohr
     
133. Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques, 5th Edition: Suzanne Bell
     
134. Mass Shootings: Media, Myths, and Realities, 1st Edition: Jaclyn Schildkraut & H. Jaymi Elsass
     
135. McGraw-Hill's 500 College Precalculus Questions: Ace Your College Exams: Sandra McCune & William Clark
     
136. Essentials of Torts, 3rd Edition: William P. Statsky
     
137. Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Theory to Practice, 3rd Edition: Laura Hall
     
138. Campbell Biology, 3rd Canadian Edition: Urry & Wasserman
     
139. Research Design in Clinical Psychology, 5th Edition: Alan E. Kazdin
     
140. Business in Action, 9th Edition: Courtland L. Bovee & John V. Thill
     
141. Gendered Lives: Intersectional Perspectives, 7th Edition: Gwyn Kirk & Margo Okazawa-Rey
     
142. Studying Engineering: A Road Map to a Rewarding Career, 4th Edition: Raymond B. Landis
     
143. Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Unleashed, 1st Edition: Ray Rankins & Paul Bertucci & Chris Gallelli & Alex Silverstein
     
144. Principles of International Law, 3rd Edition: Sean Murphy
     
145. Augmentative & Alternative Communication: Supporting Children and Adults with Complex Communication Needs, 5th Edition: David R. Beukelman & Janice C. Light
     
146. Essentials of Sociology, 4th Edition: George Ritzer
     
147. Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care: An Integrated Approach, 5th Edition: Gary C. White
     
148. Peace and Conflict Studies, 4th Edition: David P. Barash & Charles P. Webel
     
149. Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing: Theory and Application, 10th Edition: Bessie L. Marquis & Carol Huston
     
150. Discovering AutoCAD 2020, 1st Edition: Mark Dix
     
151. The Compact Reader: Short Essays by Method and Theme, 11th Edition: Jane E. Aaron & Ellen Kuhl Repetto
     
152. NSCA’s Guide to Sport and Exercise Nutrition, 1st Edition: Bill Campbell & Marie Spano
     
153. Motor Learning and Performance: From Principles to Application, 5th Edition: Richard Schmidt & Tim Lee
     
154. Learning: A Behavioral, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Synthesis, 1st Edition: Jerome Frieman & Stephen Reilly
     
155. Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach, 3rd Edition: Steven S. Zumdahl & Susan A. Zumdahl & Donald J. DeCoste
     
156. The Practice of Creative Writing: A Guide for Students, 3rd Edition: Heather Sellers
     
157. The Tracks We Leave: Ethics and Management Dilemmas in Healthcare, 3rd Edition: Frankie Perry
     
158. Art Matters: A Contemporary Approach to Art Appreciation: Pamela Gordon
     
159. Diagnostic Radiology: Recent Advances and Applied Physics in Imaging, 2nd Edition: Arun Kumar Gupta & Veena Chowdhury & Niranjan Khandelwal
     
160. Decolonizing Indigenous Education: An Amazigh/Berber Ethnographic Journey: Si Belkacem Taieb
     
161. Assessment in Special Education: A Practical Approach, 5th Edition: Roger A. Pierangelo & George A. Giuliani
     
162. Applied Geochemistry: Advances in Mineral Exploration Techniques, 1st Edition: Athanas S. Macheyeki & Dalaly Peter Kafumu & Xiaohui Li & Feng Yuan
     
163. Mechanobiology: From Molecular Sensing to Disease, 1st Edition: Glen L. Niebur
     
164. Critical Medical Anthropology, 2nd Edition: Merrill Singer & Hans Baer
     
165. Basics of Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 3rd Edition: W. Lawrence Neuman
     
166. Fatty Alcohols: Anthropogenic and Natural Occurrence in the Environment, 2nd Edition: Scott E Belanger & Stephen M Mudge & Paul C DeLeo
     
167. Clinical Hematology Atlas, 5th Edition: Bernadette F. Rodak & Jacqueline H. Carr
     
168. Simultaneous Mass Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Engineering Science: Solution Methods and Chemical Engineering Applications, 1st Edition: Bertram K. C. Chan
     
169. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technology, 8th Edition: Eugene Silberstein & John Tomczyk & Bill Whitman & Bill Johnson
     
170. Practical Procedures in Anaesthesia and Critical Care: Guy Jackson & Christopher J. Whiten & Neil Soni
     
171. Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, 4th Edition: Howard D. Curtis
     
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318. The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report: Final Report Of The National Commission On The Causes Of The Financial And Economic Crisis In The United States: U.S. Government Printing Office
     
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by Andreas Schuld 9-19-2006 from Rense Website
About the Author .
Andreas Schuld is head of Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC), an organization of parents whose children have been poisoned by excessive fluoride intake. The group includes educators, artists, scientists, journalists and authors, lawyers, researchers and nutritionists. It is active in worldwide efforts to have the toxicity of fluoride properly assessed. For further information, visit their website at www.bruha.com/fluoride.
In 1999 the US Center for Disease Control (CDC) released a glowing report on the fluoridation of public water supplies, citing the procedure as one of the century's great public health successes.1
Ironically, the same report hints that the alleged benefit from fluorides may not be due to ingestion:

"Fluoride's caries-preventive properties initially were attributed to changes in enamel during tooth development because of the association between fluoride and cosmetic changes in enamel and a belief that fluoride incorporated into enamel during tooth development would result in a more acid-resistant mineral."

The CDC report then acknowledges new studies which indicate that the effects are "topical" rather than "systemic."

"However, laboratory and epidemiologic research suggests that fluoride prevents dental caries predominately after eruption of the tooth into the mouth, and its actions primarily are topical for both adults and children."

The obvious question is this: How can the CDC consider the addition of fluoride to public water supplies to be a public health success while admitting at the same time that fluoride's benefits are not "systemic," in other words, are not obtained from drinking it?
The truth, now becoming increasingly evident, is that fluoridation and the proclaimed benefit of fluoride as a way of preventing dental decay is perhaps the greatest "scientific" fraud ever perpetrated upon an unsuspecting public.
Even worse, the relentless promotion of fluoride as a "dental benefit" is responsible for the huge neglect in proper assessment of its toxicity, an issue that has become a major concern for many nations. As there is no substance as biochemically active in the human organism as fluoride, excessive total intake of fluoride compounds might well be contributing to many diseases currently afflicting mankind, particularly those involving thyroid dysfunction. In the United States, most citizens are kept entirely ignorant of any adverse effect that might occur from exposure to fluorides.
Dental fluorosis, the first visible sign that fluoride poisoning has occurred, is declared a mere "cosmetic effect" by the dental profession, although the "biochemical events which result in dental fluorosis are still unknown."2,3,4 The quantity of fluoride needed to prevent caries but avoid dental fluorosis is also unknown.5
What is Fluoride? Fluoride is any combination of elements containing the fluoride ion. In its elemental form, fluorine is a pale yellow, highly toxic and corrosive gas. In nature, fluorine is found combined with minerals as fluorides. It is the most chemically active nonmetallic element of all the elements and also has the most reactive electro-negative ion. Because of this extreme reactivity, fluorine is never found in nature as an uncombined element.
Fluorine is a member of group VIIa of the periodic table. It readily displaces other halogens--such as chlorine, bromine and iodine--from their mineral salts. With hydrogen it forms hydrogen fluoride gas which, in a water solution, becomes hydrofluoric acid.
There was no US commercial production of fluorine before World War II. A requirement for fluorine in the processing of uranium ores, needed for the atomic bomb, prompted its manufacture.6
Fluorine compounds or fluorides are listed by the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) as among the top 20 of 275 substances that pose the most significant threat to human health.7 In Australia, the National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) recently considered 400 substances for inclusion on the NPI reporting list. A risk ranking was given based on health and environmental hazard identification and human and environmental exposure to the substance. Some substances were grouped together at the same rank to give a total of 208 ranks. Fluoride compounds were ranked 27th out of the 208 ranks.8
Fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine have been found in at least 130, 19, and 28 sites, respectively, of 1,334 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).9 Consequently, under the provisions of the Superfund Act (CRECLA, 1986), a compilation of information about fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine and their effects on health was required. This publication appeared in 1993.9
Fluorides are cumulative toxins. The fact that fluorides accumulate in the body is the reason that US law requires the Surgeon General to set a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for fluoride content in public water supplies as determined by the EPA. This requirement is specifically aimed at avoiding a condition known as Crippling Skeletal Fluorosis (CSF), a disease thought to progress through three stages. The MCL, designed to prevent only the third and crippling stage of this disease, is set at 4ppm or 4mg per liter. It is assumed that people will retain half of this amount (2mg), and therefore 4mg per liter is deemed "safe." Yet a daily dose of 2-8mg is known to cause the third crippling stage of CSF.10,11
In 1998 EPA scientists, whose job and legal duty it is to set the Maximum Contaminant Level, declared that this 4ppm level was set fraudulently by outside forces in a decision that omitted 90 percent of the data showing the mutagenic properties of fluoride.12
The Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 5th Edition (1984) gives lead a toxicity rating of 3 to 4 (3 = moderately toxic, 4 = very toxic) and the EPA has set 0.015 ppm as the MCL for lead in drinking water--with a goal of 0.0ppm. The toxicity rating for fluoride is 4, yet the MCL for fluoride is currently set at 4.0ppm, over 250 times the permissible level for lead.
Water Fluoridation
In 1939 a dentist named H. Trendley Dean, working for the U.S. Public Health Service, examined water from 345 communities in Texas. Dean determined that high concentrations of fluoride in the water in these areas corresponded to a high incidence of mottled teeth. This explained why dentists in the area found mottled teeth in so many of their patients. Dean also claimed that there was a lower incidence of dental cavities in communities having about 1 ppm fluoride in the water supply. Among the native residents of these areas about 10 percent developed the very mildest forms of mottled enamel ("dental fluorosis"), which Dean and others described as "beautiful white teeth."
Dean's report led to the initiation of artificial fluoridation of drinking water at 1part-per-million (ppm) in order to supply the "optimal dose" of 1mg fluoride per day--assuming that drinking four glasses of water every day would duplicate Dean's "optimal" intake for most people. Now, according to the American Dental Association, all people, rich or poor, could have "beautiful white teeth" and be free of caries at the same time. After all, the benefits of water fluoridation had been documented "beyond any doubt."13
When other scientists investigated Dean's data, they did not reach the same conclusions. In fact, Dean had engaged in "selective use of data," using findings from 21 cities that supported his case while completely disregarding data from 272 other locations that did not show a correlation.14 In court cases Dean was forced to admit under oath that his data were invalid.15 In 1957 he had to admit at AMA hearings that even waters containing a mere 0.1ppm (0.1 mg/l) could cause dental fluorosis, the first visible sign of fluoride overdose.16 Moreover, there is not one single double-blind study to indicate that fluoridation is effective in reducing cavities.17
So What's the Truth About Tooth Decay?
The truth is that more and more evidence shows that fluorides and dental fluorosis are actually associated with increased tooth decay. The most comprehensive US review was carried out by the National Institute of Dental Research on 39,000 school children aged 5-17 years.18 It showed no significant differences in terms of DMF (decayed, missing and filled teeth).
What it did show was that high decay cities (66.5-87.5 percent) have 9.34 percent more decay in the children who drink fluoridated water. Furthermore, a 5.4 percent increase in students with decay was observed when 1 ppm fluoride was added to the water supply. Nine fluoridated cities with high decay had 10 percent more decay than nine equivalent non-fluoridated cities.
The world's largest study on dental caries, which looked at 400,000 students, revealed that decay increased 27 percent with a 1ppm fluoride increase in drinking water.19 In Japan, fluoridation caused decay increases of 7 percent in 22,000 students,20 while in the US a decay increase of 43 percent occured in 29,000 students when 1ppm fluoride was added to drinking water.21
Dental Fluorosis: A "Cosmetic" Defect? Dental fluorosis is a condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorides, characterized mainly by mottling of the enamel (which starts as "white spots"), although the bones and virtually every organ might also be affected due to fluoride's known anti-thyroid characteristics. Dental fluorosis can only occur during the stage of enamel formation and is therefore a sign that an overdose of fluoride has occurred in a child during that period.
Dental fluorosis has been described as a subsurface enamel hypomineralization, with porosity of the tooth positively correlated with the degree of fluorosis.22 It is characterized by diffuse opacities and under-mineralized enamel. Although identical enamel defects occur in cases of thyroid dysfunction, the dental profession describes the defect as merely "cosmetic" when it is caused by exposure to fluoride.
What is now becoming apparent is that this "cosmetic" defect actually predisposes to tooth decay. In 1988 Duncan23 stated that hypoplastic defects have a strong potential to become carious. In 1989, Silberman,24 evaluating the same data on Head Start children, wrote that "preliminary data indicate that the presence of primary canine hypoplasia [enamel defects] may result in an increased potential for the tooth becoming carious."
In 1996 Li 25 wrote that children with enamel hypoplasia demonstrated a significantly higher caries experience than those who did not have such defects and, further, that the "presence of enamel hypoplasia may be a predisposing factor for initiation and progression of dental caries, and a predictor of high caries susceptibility in a community." In 1996 Ellwood & O'Mullane26 stated that "developmental enamel defects may be useful markers of caries susceptibility, which should be considered in the risk-benefit assessment for use of fluoride."
Currently up to 80 percent of US children suffer from some degree of dental fluorosis, while in Canada the figure is up to 71 percent. A prevalence of 80.9 percent was reported in children 12-14 years old in Augusta, Georgia, the highest prevalence yet reported in an "optimally" fluoridated community in the United States. Moderate-to-severe fluorosis was found in 14 percent of the children.27
Before the push for fluoridation began, the dental profession recognized that fluorides were not beneficial but detrimental to dental health. In 1944, the Journal of the American Dental Association reported: "With 1.6 to 4 ppm fluoride in the water, 50 percent or more past age 24 have false teeth because of fluoride damage to their own."28
The Wonder Nutrient? On countless internet sites, fluoride is proclaimed as the "wonder nutrient," the "deficiency" symptom being increased dental caries.29 It boggles the mind that a cumulative toxin and toxic waste product can be described a "nutrient." Nevertheless, such claims are repeatedly made by pro-fluoridationists.30
On March 16, 1979, the FDA deleted paragraphs 105.3(c) and 105.85(d)(4) of Federal Register documents which had classified fluorine, among other substances, as "essential" or "probably essential." Since that time, nowhere in the Federal Regulations is fluoride classified as "essential" or "probably essential." These deletions were the immediate result of 1978 Court deliberations.31 No essential function for fluoride has ever been proven in humans.32,33,34,35,36
"Nature Thought of It First"
A popular slogan employed by the ADA and other pro-fluoridation organizations is, "Nature thought of it first!" The slogan creates the impression that the fluoridation compounds used in water fluoridation are the same as those discovered many years ago in the water in some areas of the US.37 The fluoride compound in "naturally" fluoridated waters is calcium fluoride. Sodium fluoride, a common fluoridation agent, dissolves easily in water, but calcium fluoride does not.9
Animal studies performed by Kick and others in 1935 revealed that sodium fluoride was much more toxic than calcium fluoride.38 Even worse, toxicity was recorded for hydrofluorosilicic acid, the compound now used in over 90 percent of fluoridation programs, Hydrofluorosilicic acid is a direct byproduct of pollution scrubbers used in the phosphate fertilizer and aluminum industries. Our government adds it to water supplies even though it is also involved in getting rid of its own stockpile of fluoride compounds left over from years and years of stockpiling fluorides for use in the process of refining uranium for nuclear power and weapons.39
In the Kick study, less than 2 percent of calcium fluoride was absorbed and this was excreted quantitatively in the urine. But even calcium fluoride is not benign. As the animals given calcium fluoride also developed mottled teeth, it was clear that such compounds could produce changes on the teeth merely by passing through the body, and not by being "stored in a tooth" or anywhere else. No calcium fluoride was retained.
In 1946 Samuel Chase, one of the authors of the Kick study, became president of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR). This organization promoted the idea that only the fluoride ion in the various fluoridation compounds was of importance. Yet he well knew that sodium fluoride did not behave like calcium fluoride. Unlike calcium fluoride, sodium fluoride was retained in great amounts in the body and was very toxic. Rock phosphate and hydro-fluorosilicic acid experiments yielded the same information.
New areas with "natural" fluoride are appearing all over the world, as now all areas not "artificially" fluoridated are considered "natural." The problem is that this "natural" fluoride is the result of direct water and soil contamination from petrochemical land treatment, uncontrolled fertilizer use, pesticide applications, ground water contamination from industrial waste sites, rocket fuel "burial grounds," and so forth. Suddenly we have "natural" fluorides showing up in areas previously deemed "fluoride deficient"!
Total Intake
It is well established that it is TOTAL fluoride intake from ALL sources which must be considered for any adverse health effect evaluation.40,41,42 This includes intake by ingestion, inhalation and absorption through the skin. In 1971, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated:

"In the assessment of the safety of a water supply with respect to the fluoride concentration, the total daily fluoride intake by the individual must be considered."41

Exposure to airborne fluorides from many diverse manufacturing processes--pesticide applications, phosphate fertilizer production, aluminum smelting, uranium enrichment facilities, coal-burning and nuclear power plants, incinerators, glass etching, petroleum refining and vehicle emissions--can be considerable.
In addition, many people consume fluorine-based medications such as Prozac, which greatly adds to fluoride's anti-thyroid effects. ALL fluoride compounds--organic and inorganic--have been shown to exert anti-thyroid effects, often potentiating fluoride effects many fold.43
Household exposures to fluorides can occur with the use of Teflon pans, fluorine-based products, insecticides sprays and even residual airborne fluorides from fluoridated drinking water. Decision-makers at 3M Corporation recently announced a phase-out of Scotchgard products after discovering that the product's primary ingredient--a fluorinated compound called perfluorooctanyl sulfonate (PFOS)--was found in all tested blood bank examinations.44 3M's research showed that the substance had strong tendencies to persist and bio-accumulate in animal and human tissue.
In 1991 the US Public Health Service issued a report stating that the range in total daily fluoride intake from water, dental products, beverages and food items exceeded 6.5 milligrams daily.42 Thus, the total intake from those sources alone already greatly exceeds the levels known to cause the third stage of skeletal fluorosis.
Besides fluoridated water and toothpaste, many foods contain high levels of flouride compounds due to pesticide applications. One of the worse offenders is grapes.45 Grape juice was found to contain more than 6.8 ppm fluoride. The EPA estimates total fluoride intake from pesticide residues on food and fluoridated drinking water alone to be 0.095 mg/kg/day, meaning a person weighing 70 kg takes in more than 6.65 mg per day.45b Soy infant formula is high in both fluoride and aluminum, far surpassing the "optimal" dose46,47 and has been shown to be a risk factor in dental fluorosis.48
Tea
In their drive to fluoridate the public water supplies, dental health officials continue to pretend that no other sources of fluoride exist. This notion becomes absurd when one looks at the fluoride content in tea. Tea is very high in fluoride because tea leaves accumulate more fluoride (from pollution of soil and air) than any other edible plant.49,50,51 It is well established that fluoride in tea gets absorbed by the body in a manner similar to the fluoride in drinking water.49,52
Fluoride content in tea has risen dramatically over the last 20 years due to industry contamination. Recent analyses have revealed a fluoride content of 17.25 mg per teabag or cup in black tea, and a whopping 22 mg of soluble fluoride ions per teabag or cup in green tea. Aluminum content was also high--over 8 mg. Normal steeping time is five minutes. The longer a tea bag steeped, the more fluoride and aluminum were released. After ten minutes, the measurable amounts of fluoride and aluminum almost doubled.53
A website by a pro-fluoridation infant medical group states that a cup of black tea contains 7.8 mgs of fluoride54 which is the equivalent amount of fluoride from 7.8 liters of water in an area fluoridated at 1ppm. Some British and African studies from the 1990s showed a daily fluoride intake of between 5.8 mgs and 9 mgs a day from tea alone.55, 56, 57 Tea has been found to be a primary cause of dental fluorosis in many international studies.58-70
In Britain, over three-quarters of the population over the age of ten years consumes three cups of tea per day.71Yet the UK government and the British Dental Association are currently contemplating fluoridation of public water supplies! In Ireland, average tea consumption is four cups per day and the drinking water is heavily fluoridated.
Next to water, tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Tea can be found in almost 80 percent of all US households and on any given day, nearly 127 million people--half of all Americans--drink tea.71
The high content of both aluminum and fluoride in tea is cause for great concern as aluminum greatly potentiates fluoride's effects on G protein activation,72 the on/off switches involved in cell communication and of absolute necessity in thyroid hormone function and regulation.
Fluoride and the Thyroid The recent re-discovery of hundreds of papers dealing with the use of fluorides in effective anti-thyroid medication poses many questions demanding answers.73,74 The enamel defects observed in hypothyroidism are identical to "dental fluorosis." Endemic fluorosis areas have been shown to be the same as those affected with iodine deficiency, considered to be the world's single most important and preventable cause of mental retardation,75 affecting 740 million people a year.
Iodine deficiency causes brain disorders, cretinism, miscarriages and goiter, among many other diseases. Synthroid, the drug most commonly prescribed for hypothyroidism, became the top selling drug in the US in 1999, according to Scott-Levin's Source Prescription Audit, clearly indicating that hypothyroidism is a major health problem. Many more millions are thought to have undiagnosed thyroid problems.
Environment
Every year hundreds and thousands of tons of fluorides are emitted by industry. Industrial emissions of fluoride compounds produce elevated concentrations in the atmosphere. Hydrogen fluoride can exist as a particle, dissolving in clouds, fog, rain, dew, or snow. In clouds and moist air it will travel along the air currents until it is deposited as wet acid deposition (acid rain, acid fog, etc.) In waterways it readily mixes with water.
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), emitted by the electric power industry, is now among six greenhouse gases specifically targeted by the international community, through the Kyoto protocol, for emission reductions to control global warming. The others are carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), methane and nitrous oxide (N2O).
SF6 is about 23,900 times more destructive, pound for pound, than carbon dioxide over the course of 100 years. EPA estimates that some seven-million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE) escaped from electric power systems in 1996 alone. The concentration of SF6 in the atmosphere has reportedly increased by two orders of magnitude since 1970. Atmospheric models have indicated that the lifetime of an SF6 molecule in the atmosphere may be over 3000 years.76
The ever-increasing fluoride levels in food, water and air pose a great threat to human health and to the environment as evidenced by the endemic of fluorosis worldwide. It is of utmost urgency that public health officials cease promoting fluoride as beneficial to our health and address instead the issue of its toxicity.
REFERENCES (All web addresses were visited before Fall, 2000)

1. CDC: "Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999 - Fluoridation of Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries" MMWR 48(41);933-940 (1999), http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwpreview/mmwrhtml/mm4841a1.htm
2. Gerlach RF, de Souza AP, Cury JA, Line SR - "Fluoride effect on the activity of enamel matrix proteinases in vitro" Eur J Oral Sci 108(1):48-53 (2000)
3. Limeback H - "Enamel formation and the effects of fluoride" Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 22(3):144-7
4. Wright JT, Chen SC, Hall KI, Yamauchi M, Bawden JW - "Protein characterization of fluorosed human enamel." Dent Res 75(12):1936-41 (1996)
5. Shulman JD, Lalumandier JA, Grabenstein JD -"The average daily dose of fluoride: a model based on fluid consumption" Pediatr Dent 17(1):13-8 (1995)
6. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition (2000), http://www.bartleby.com/65/fl/fluorine.html
7. Phosphoric Acid Waste Dialogue,Report on Phosphoric Wastes Dialogue Committee, Activities and Recommendations, September 1995; Southeast Negotiation Network, Prepared by Gregory Borne for EPA stakeholders review
8. Government of Australia, National Pollutant Inventory, http://www.environment.gov.au/epg/npi/contextual\_info/context/fluoride.html
9. ATSDUSPHS - "Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine (F)" CAS# 16984-48-8, 7664-39-3, 7782-41-4 (1993), http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts11.html
10. Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council, August 1993, p.59
11. World Health Organization - Fluorides and Human Health, p. 239 (1970)
12. Carton RJ, Hirzy JW - "Applying the NAEP code of ethics to the Environmental Protection Agency and the fluoride in drinking water standard" Proceedings of the 23rd Ann. Conf. of the National Association of Environmental Professionals. 20-24 June, 1998. GEN 51-61, http://rvi.net/fluoride/naep.htm
13. American Dental Association, http://www.ada.org/consumefluoride/facts/benefits.html#2
14. J.Colquhoun, Chief Dental Officer, NZ, International Symposium on Fluoridation, Porte Alegre, Brazil, September 1988
15. Proceedings, City of Orville Vs. Public Utilities Commission of the State of Carlifornia, Orville, CA, October 20-21 (1955)
16. AMA Council Hearing, Chicago, August 7, 1957
17. NTEU - "Why EPA's Headquarters Union of Scientists Opposes Fluoridation, " Prepared on behalf of the National Treasury Employees Union Chapter 280 by Chapter Senior Vice-President J. William Hirzy, Ph.D. , http://www.bruha.com/fluoride/html/nteu\_paper.htm, http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/epa2.htm
18. Yiamouyannis, J - "Water fluoridation and tooth decay: Results from the 1986-1987 national survey of U.S. school children" Fluoride 23:55-67 (1990). Data also analyzed by Gerard Judd, Ph.D., in:Judd G - "Good Teeth Birth To Death", Research Publications, Glendale Arizona (1997), EPA Research #2 (1994)
19. Teotia SPS, Teotia M -"Dental Caries: A Disorder of High Fluoride And Low Dietary Calcium Interactions (30 years of Personal Research), Fluoride, 1994 27:59-66 (1994)
20. Imai Y - "Study of the relationship between fluorine ions in drinking water and dental caries in Japan". Koku Eisei Gakkai Zasshi 22(2):144-96 (1972)
21. Steelink, Cornelius, PhD, U of AZ Chem Department, in: Chem and Eng News, Jan 27, 1992, p.2; Sci News March 5, 1994, p.159
22. Giambro NJ, Prostak K, Denbesten PK - "Characterization Of Fluorosed Human Enamel By Color Reflectance, Ultrastructure, And Elemental Composition" Fluoride 28:4, 216 (1995) also Caries Research 29 (4) 251-257 (1995)
23. Duncan WK, Silberman SL, Trubman A - "Labial hypoplasia of primary canines in black Head Start children" ASDC J Dent Child 55(6):423-6 (1988)
24. Silberman SL, Duncan WK, Trubman A, Meydrech EF - "Primary canine hypoplasia in Head Start children" J Public Health Dent 49(1):15-8 (1989)
25. Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY -""Caries experience in deciduous dentition of rural Chinese children 3-5 years old in relation to the presence or absence of enamel hypoplasia" Caries Res 30(1):8-15 (1996)
26. Ellwood RP, O'Mullane D - "The association between developmental enamel defects and caries in populations with and without fluoride in their drinking water" J Public Health Dent 56(2):76-80(1996)
27. Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, Committee on Toxicology, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Commission on LifeSciences, National Research Council, August 1993 p 47-48
28. "The Effect of Fluorine On Dental Caries" Journal American Dental Association 31:1360 (1944)
29. Examples: http://ificinfo.health.org/insight/septoct97/flouride.htm; http://www.wvda.org/nutrient/fluoride.html
30. Barrett S, Rovin S (Eds) -"The Tooth Robbers: a Pro-Fluoridation Handbook" George F Stickley Co, Philadelphia pp 44-65 (1980)
31. Federal Register, 3/16/79, page 16006
32. Federal Register: December 28, 1995 (Volume 60, Number 249)] Rules and Regulations , Page 67163-67175 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration, 21 CFR Part 101 Docket No. 90N-0134, RIN 0910-AA19
33. The Report of the Department of Health and Social Subjects, No. 41, Dietary Reference Values, Chapter 36 on fluoride (HMSO 1996). "No essential function for fluoride has been proven in humans."
34. "Is Fluoride an Essential Element?" Fluorides, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 66-68 (1971)
35. Richard Maurer and Harry Day, "The Non-Essentiality of Fluorine in Nutrition," Journal of Nutrition, 62: 61-57(1957)
36. "Applied Chemistry", Second Edition, by Prof. William R. Stine, Chapter 19 (see pp. 413 & 416) Allyn and Bacon, Inc, publishers. "Fluoride has not been shown to be required for normal growth or reproduction in animals or humans consuming an otherwise adequate diet, nor for any specific biological function or mechanism."
37. National Center for Fluoridation Policy & Research (NCFPR) http://fluoride.oralhealth.org/
38. Kick CH, Bethke RM, Edgington BH, Wilder OHM, Record PR, Wilder W, Hill TJ, Chase SW - "Fluorine in Animal Nutrition" Bulletin 558, US Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio (1935)
39. US MINERALS/COMMODITIES DATABASE http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/fluorspa280396.txt
40. "The problem of providing optimum fluoride intake for prevention of dental caries" - Food and Nutrition Board, Division of Biology and Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Pub.#294, (1953) ".. a person drinking fluoridated water may be assumed to ingest only about 1 milligram per day from this source ... the development of mottled enamel is, however, a potential hazard of adding fluorides to food. The total daily intake of fluoride is the critical quantity."
41. World Health Organization, International Drinking Water Standards, 1971."In the assessment of the safety of a water supply with respect to the fluoride concentration, the total daily fluoride intake by the individual must be considered. Apart from variations in climatic conditions, it is well known that in certain areas, fluoride containing foods form an important part of the diet. The facts should be borne in mind in deciding the concentration of fluoride to be permitted in drinking water."
42. Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks, Department of Health and Human Services, p.45 (1991)
43. 200 papers to be posted at: http://www.bruha.com/fluoride
44. Washington Post - "3M to pare Scotchgard products," May 16, 2000 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A15648-2000May16.html
45. (a) FLUORIDE IN FOOD http://www.bruha.com/fluoride/html/f-\_in\_food.htm; (b) Federal Register: August 7, 1997 (Volume 62, Number 152), Notices, Page 42546-42551
46. Silva M, Reynolds EC - "Fluoride content of infant formulae in Australia" Aust Dent J 41(1):37-42 (1996)
47. Dabeka RW, McKenzie AD -"Lead, cadmium, and fluoride levels in market milk and infant formulas in Canada." J Assoc Off Anal Chem 70(4):754-7 (1987)
48. Pendrys DG, Katz RV, Morse DE - "Risk factors for enamel fluorosis in a fluoridated population" Am J Epidemiol 140(5):461-71(1994)
49. Meiers, P. - "Zur Toxizität von Fluorverbindungen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Onkogenese", Verlag für Medizin Dr. Ewald Fischer, Heidelberg (1984)
50. Waldbott, GL; Burgstahler, AW; McKinney, HL - "Fluoridation:The Great Dilemma" Coronado Press (1978)
51. Srebnik-Friszman, S; Van der Miynsbrugge, F.-"Teneur en Fluor de quelques thØs prØlevØs sur le MarchØ et de leurs Infusions" Arch Belg Med Soc Hyg Med Trav Med Leg 33:551-556 (1976)
52. Rüh K - "Resorbierbarkeit und Retention von in Mineralwässern und Erfrischungsgetränken enthaltenem Fluorid bei Mensch und Laboratoriumsratte" Diss. Würzburg (1968)
53. Analyses conducted by Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC) at Gov't -approved labs. Contact: [email protected]
54. BabyCenter Editorial Team w/ Medical Advisory Board (http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/674.html#3)
55. Jenkins GN - "Fluoride intake and its safety among heavy tea drinkers in a British fluoridated city" Proc Finn Dent Soc 87(4):571-9 (1991) Department of Oral Biology, Dental School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
56. Opinya GN, Bwibo N, Valderhaug J, Birkeland JM, Lokken P - "Intake of fluoride and excretion in mothers' milk in a high fluoride (9ppm) area in Kenya" Eur J Clin Nutr 45(1):37-41 (1991) Department of Dental Surgery, University of Nairobi, Kenya
57. Diouf A, Sy FO, Niane B, Ba D, Ciss M - "Dietary intake of fluorine through of tea prepared by the traditional method in Senegal" Dakar Med 39(2):227-30 (1994)
58. Cao J, Zhao Y, Liu J - "Brick tea consumption as the cause of dental fluorosis among children from Mongol, Kazak and Yugu populations in China" Food Chem Toxicol 35(8):827-33 (1997)
59. Cao J, Bai X, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhou D, Fang S, Jia M, Wu J - "The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans" Environ Health Perspect 1996 Dec;104(12):1340-3 (1996)
60. Sergio Gomez S, Weber A, Torres C - "Fluoride content of tea and amount ingested by children" Odontol Chil 37(2):251-5 (1989)
61. Cao J, Zhao Y, Liu JW - "Safety evaluation and fluorine concentration of Pu'er brick tea and Bianxiao brick tea" Food Chem Toxicol 36(12):1061-3(1998)
62. Wang LF, Huang JZ- "Outline of control practice of endemic fluorosis in China."Soc Sci Med 41(8):1191-5 (1995)
63. Olsson B -"Dental caries and fluorosis in Arussi province, Ethiopia" Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 6(6):338-43 (1978)
64. Diouf A, Sy FO, Niane B, Ba D, Ciss M - "Dietary intake of fluorine through use of tea prepared by the traditional method in Senegal" DakarMed 39(2):227-30 (1994)
65. Fraysse C, Bilbeissi MW, Mitre D, Kerebel B - "The role of tea consumption in dental fluorosis in Jordan" Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 32(1):39-46 (1989)
66. Fraysse C, Bilbeissi W, Benamghar L, Kerebel B- "Comparison of the dental health status of 8 to 14-year-old children in France and in Jordan, a country of endemic fluorosis."Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol 32(3):169-75 (1989)
67. Villa AE, Guerrero S - "Caries experience and fluorosis prevalence in Chilean children from different socio-economic status."Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 24(3):225-7 (1996)
68. Chan J.T.; Yip, T.T.; Jeske, A.H. - "The role of caffeinated beverages in dental fluorosis" Med Hypotheses 33(1):21-2 (1990)
69. Mann J, Sgan-Cohen HD, Dakuar A, Gedalia I - "Tea drinking, caries prevalence, and fluorosis among northern Israeli Arab youth."Clin Prev Dent 7(6):23-6 (1985)
70. Schmidt, C.W.; Leuschke, W. - "Fluoride content of deciduous teeth after regular intake of black tea" Dtsch Stomatol 40(10):441 (1990)
71. Press Releases/Market Figures - Tea Council http://www.stashtea.com/tt060595.htm
72. Struneckß, A; Patocka, J - "Aluminofluoride complexes: new phosphate analogues for laboratory investigations and potential danger for living organisms" Charles University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Physiology and Developmental Physiology, Prague/Department of Toxicology, Purkynì Military Medical Academy, Hradec KrßlovØ, Czech Republic http://www.cadvision.com/fluoride/brain3.htm
73. History: Fluoride - Iodine Antagonism http://bruha.com/pfpc/html/thyroid\_history.html
74. Fluorides - Anti-thyroid Medication http://bruha.com/pfpc/html/thyroid\_page.html
75. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PRESS RELEASE, May 25,1999 Iodine Deficiency
76. Miller AE, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Morris RA, Vazn Doren JM - "Negative Ion Chemistry of SF sub 4" Journal of Chemical Physics 102(22):8865-8873 (1995)

Symptoms of Fluoride Poisoning

· Black tarry stools · Bloody vomit · Faintness · Nausea and vomiting · Shallow breathing · Stomach cramps or pain · Tremors · Unusual excitement · Unusual increase in saliva · Watery eyes · Weakness · Constipation · Loss of appetite · Pain and aching of bones · Skin rash · Sores in the mouth and on the lips · Stiffness · Weight loss · White, brown or black discoloration of teeth

Long Term Effects of Fluoride

· Accelerated aging · Immune system dysfunction · Compromised collagen synthesis · Cartilage problems · Bony outgrowths in the spine · Joint "lock-up"

G Proteins

Signals or communications from one cell to another, and from the outside of the cell to the inside, are made possible by the action of special proteins called "G" proteins, which are found in all animal life, including yeasts. G proteins are so called because they bind to guanine nucleotides, a major component of DNA and RNA. G proteins mediate the actions of neurotransmitters, peptide hormones, odorants and light. In other words, G proteins make it possible for our nervous systems to function properly and, in particular, allow for night vision and the sense of smell.

All thyroid function is mediated by G-protein activity. Both aluminum and fluoride interfere with the activation of G proteins. Thyrotropin, the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is considered the natural G-protein activator. Its action is mimicked by fluoride and vastly potentiated by the presence of aluminum. Pharmacologists estimate that up to 60 percent of all medicines used today exert their effects through G-protein signaling pathways. Vitamin A from cod liver oil has been used successfully to bypass blocked G-protein pathways due to vaccination damage. (See Autism and Vaccinations.)
Myristic acid, a saturated fatty acid having 14 carbons, plays an important roll in G-protein function as these signaling proteins require myristic acid added to one end of the protein. (See Kidney Fats.) Thus, diets deficient in vitamin A and saturated fats can be expected to contribute to nervous disorders and vision problems.