Welcome to Lost in the Sauce, keeping you caught up on political and legal news that often gets buried in distractions and theater… or a global health crisis.
Figuring out how to divide the COVID-19 content from the “regular” news has been difficult because the pandemic is influencing all aspects of life. Some of the stories below involve the virus, but I chose to include them when it fits into one of the pre-established categories (like congress or immigration). The coronavirus-central post will be made again this Thursday-Friday; the sign up form now has an option to choose to receive an email when the coronavirus-focused roundup is posted.
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Let’s dig in!

MAIN COURSE

Congress passes stimulus

Last week started out with a Republican-crafted stimulus bill that was twice-blocked by Senate Democrats, who objected to the lax conditions of aid to corporations, too little funding for hospitals, and a $500 billion “slush fund” for big companies to be doled out by Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin with no oversight.
Conservative-Democrat Joe Manchin (WV) even criticized the GOP bill:

“It fails our first responders, nurses, private physicians and all healthcare professionals. ... It fails our workers. It fails our small businesses… Instead, it is focused on providing billions of dollars to Wall Street and misses the mark on helping the West Virginians that have lost their jobs through no fault of their own.”

Through negotiations, Democrats shifted the bill in a more-worker friendly direction. The version that passed includes the following Democrat-added provisions: expanded unemployment benefits, $100 billion for hospitals, $150 billion for state and local governments, direct payments to Americans without a phase-in (ensuring low-income workers get the full amount), a ban on Trump and his children from receiving aid, and oversight on the “slush fund” (see next section for more info). Senate Democrats also managed to remove a provision that would have excluded nonprofits that receive Medicaid funding from the small-business grants.

• Further reading: After Senate Democrats blocked the Republican-crafted bill, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi led the House Democrats in releasing their own version, a best-case scenario of their dream coronavirus stimulus bill. It is interesting to contrast what the Democrats prioritized to what the Republicans focused on: “How the House Democrats' stimulus plan compares to the Senate's”

Echoing sentiments expressed during debate on the previous coronavirus bill (the second, for those keeping track), Republican senators derided the $600 a week increase in unemployment payments as “incentivizing” workers to quit their jobs. Sens. Ben Sasse (Neb.), Rick Scott (Fla.), Tim Scott (S.C.) and Lindsey Graham (S.C.) delayed passage of the bill in order to force a vote on an amendment removing the extra unemployment funding. "This bill pays you more not to work than if you were working," Graham said. Fortunately for American workers, the amendment failed and the improved bill passed the Senate and the House.

• Note: In 2009 only three Republicans helped Obama pass his stimulus bill in his first month in office.

The giveaways in the bill

While Senate Democrats were able to add worker-friendly provisions, the bill still required bipartisan support to pass the chamber and some corporate giveaways remained in the final version.

• NYT: “Senate Republicans inserted an easy-to-overlook provision on page 203 of the 880-page bill that would permit wealthy investors to use losses generated by real estate to minimize their taxes on profits from things like investments in the stock market. The estimated cost of the change over 10 years is $170 billion.”
  
• NYT: “...if a company owns multiple hotels, even if the overall hotel or restaurant chain has more than 500 employees — the limit to qualify for treatment as a small business — it will still be able to take advantage of the small-business benefits offered in the rescue package. ...The provision could benefit the Trump Organization, which operates a relatively small chain, with six hotels in the United States in cities including New York, Washington and Chicago.”
  

Politico:

• “A provision for the FDA to approve ‘innovative’ sunscreens—which would benefit L’Oreal, which has operations in Kentucky—appeared in the bill, which was steered in the Senate by Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky.”
  
• “The $25 billion allocated in loans and loan guarantees for the airlines will also benefit eligible businesses "approved to perform inspection, repair, replace, or overhaul services, and ticket agents.” The last two words — ‘ticket agents’ — mean that travel agents who book flights will also be able to apply for a piece of the $25 billion.”
  
• “The credit reporting industry got a win by defeating a total ban on negative credit reports during the crisis. Instead, a watered down version made it into the final bill: Consumers wouldn't get a negative credit report if they have an agreement with a lender to delay payments or make partial payments.”
  

Trump’s signing statement

While signing the latest coronavirus relief bill, the president also issued a signing statement undercutting the congressional oversight provision creating an inspector general to track how the administration distributes the $500 billion “slush fund” money.
The newly-created inspector general is legally required to audit loans and investments made through the fund and report to Congress his/her findings, including any refusal by the executive office to cooperate. In his signing statement, Trump wrote that his understanding of constitutional powers allows him to gag the special IG:

"I do not understand, and my Administration will not treat, this provision as permitting the [inspector general] to issue reports to the Congress without the presidential supervision required" by Article II of the Constitution.

The signing statement further suggests that Trump does not have to comply with a provision requiring that agencies consult with Congress before it spends or reallocates certain funds: "These provisions are impermissible forms of congressional aggrandizement with respect to the execution of the laws," the statement reads.
While some have said that Congress fell short in this instance, one Democratic Senate aide told Politico that Congress built in multiple layers of oversight, including “a review of other inspectors general and a congressional review committee charged with overseeing Treasury and the Federal Reserve's efforts to implement the law.”
Legal experts have pointed out that a signing statement is “without legal effect.” But that ignores the fact that oversight is not equal to enforcement. The problem, in my opinion, isn’t that Congress won’t be notified of any abuses of power by Trump. The problem is that congressional Republicans and the judiciary have largely failed to hold him accountable and enforce our laws even after learning of his abuses.

Concerns about the IG

Another potential weakness in the oversight structure is the inspector general position itself. The special inspector general for pandemic recovery, known by the acronym S.I.G.P.R., is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Republican-controlled Senate. As we’ve seen from Trump’s previous nominees, particularly judicial, many unqualified individuals have been confirmed. The Democrats will not have the power to stop the president and Mitch McConnell from jamming through a loyalist to fill the SIGPR role.

Former inspector general at the Justice Department Michael Bromwich: “The signing statement threatens to undermine the authority and independence of this new IG. The Senate should extract a commitment from the nominee that Congress will be promptly notified of any Presidential/Administration interference or obstruction.”

You may recall that Trump has already proven that he’s willing to interfere with the legally-mandated work of an inspector general. When the Ukraine whistleblower filed a complaint last year, the IG of the Intelligence Community, Michael Atkinson, investigated and determined the complaint to be “urgent” and “credible.” Atkinson wrote a report and gave it to Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire to hand over to Congress. However, the White House and DOJ interfered and instructed Maguire not to transmit the report to the Senate and House Intelligence Committees. Chairman Adam Schiff had to subpoena Maguire to turn over the report and testify before his committee.
Further, there are already five IG vacancies in agencies that have a critical role in responding to the pandemic. The Treasury itself has not had a permanent, Senate-confirmed IG for over eight months now, and Trump hasn’t nominated a replacement. The Treasury Dept. has taken a lead role in the coronavirus response, with Secretary Mnuchin handling most of the negotiating with Congress on Trump’s behalf. The fact that the lead agency doesn’t have IG oversight should be troublesome in itself; replicating the situation with a special IG doesn’t seem to be a promising solution.

• The other four coronavirus-related agencies without a permanent IG: Department of Health and Human Services’ IG has been vacant for nine months, Department of Defense’s IG has been vacant for four years, Department of Education’s IG has been vacant for one year, and Office of Personnel Management’s IG has been vacant for four years. Overall, there are twelve IG vacancies in the 37) presidentially-appointed offices.

UPDATE: The nation's inspectors general have appointed Glenn Fine, the Pentagon's acting IG, to lead the committee of IGs overseeing the coronavirus relief effort.

This is one of several oversight mechanisms built into the new law. They include:
A committee of IGs (now led by Fine), a new special IG (to be nominated by Trump), a congressional review panel (to be appointed by House/Senate leaders)

Direct payments

Included in the stimulus bill is a $1200 one-time direct payment for all Americans who made less than $75,000 in 2019 (less than $150,000 if couples filed jointly). More details can be found here. I have read that the Treasury will use 2018 information for those who have not filed yet this year, but I am not 100% sure that’ll happen.
Mnuchin has said that Americans can expect to receive the money within three weeks, but many experts expect that timetable to be pushed into late April. Additionally, that only applies to Americans who included direct deposit information on their 2019 tax returns. Those who did not include their bank’s information will have to be sent a physical check in the mail… which could take anywhere from two to four months.
Other options are being discussed, including partnering the Treasury Dept. with MasterCard and Visa to deliver prepaid debit cards. Venmo and Paypal are reportedly lobbying the government to be considered as a disbursement option.
Future payments?
House Speaker Pelosi is already planning another wave of direct payments to Americans, saying that the $1,200 is not enough to mitigate the economic effects of the pandemic: “I don’t think we’ve seen the end of direct payments.” Republicans, meanwhile, are taking a ‘wait and see’ approach, using the next couple of weeks to measure the impact of the $2 trillion bill passed last week.

House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy: “What concerns me is when I listen to Nancy Pelosi talk about a fourth package now, it’s because she did not get out of things that she really wanted...I’m not sure you need a fourth package...Let’s let this work ... We have now given the resources to make and solve this problem. We don’t need to be crafting another bill right now.”
For the fourth legislative package, Democrats have said they would like to see increased food stamp benefits; increased coverage for coronavirus testing, visits to the doctor and treatment; more money for state and local governments, including Washington, D.C.; expanded family and medical leave; pension fixes; and stronger workplace protections.

Trump’s signature
Normally, a civil servant signs federal checks, like the direct payments Americans are set to receive. According to a Wall Street Journal report, Trump has told people that he wants his signature to appear on the stimulus checks.

THE SIDES

War on the poor continues

Amid the coronavirus crisis, Trump has defended his continued support of a Republican-led lawsuit to dismantle the Affordable Care Act, which would result in 20 million Americans losing health insurance if successful. The Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments in the case this fall. Contrasting with his position that the ACA is illegal, Trump is considering reopening enrollment on HealthCare.gov, allowing millions of uninsured individuals to get coverage before potentially incurring charges and fees related to COVID-19.
Joe Biden called on Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, who is leading the charge against the ACA, and President Trump to drop the lawsuit:

“At a time of national emergency, which is laying bare the existing vulnerabilities in our public health infrastructure, it is unconscionable that you are continuing to pursue a lawsuit designed to strip millions of Americans of their health insurance and protections under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), including the ban on insurers denying coverage or raising premiums due to pre-existing conditions.”

The Trump administration is also pushing forward with its plan to kick 700,000 people off federal food stamp assistance, known as SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). The USDA announced two weeks ago that the department will appeal Judge Beryl Howell’s recent decision that the USDA’s work mandate rule is “arbitrary and capricious."
Additionally: The Social Security Administration has no plans to slow down a rule change set for June that will limit disability benefits, the Department of Health and Human Services still intends to reduce automatic enrollment in health coverage, and the Department of Housing and Urban Development will continue the process to enact a rule that would make it harder for renters to sue landlords for racial discrimination.

Lawmakers’ stock transactions

The Justice Department and Securities and Exchange Commission are beginning to investigate stock transactions made ahead of the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. CNN reports that the inquiry has already reached out to Senator Richard Burr for information. “Under insider trading laws, prosecutors would need to prove the lawmakers traded based on material non-public information they received in violation of a duty to keep it confidential,” a task that won’t be easy.
Sen. Burr is facing another consequence of his trades: Alan Jacobson, a shareholder in Wyndham Hotels and Resorts, sued Burr for allegedly using private information to instruct a mass liquidation of his assets. Among the shares he sold were an up to $150,000 stake in Wyndham, whose stock suffered a market-value cut of more than two-thirds since mid-February.

Environmental rollbacks

Using the pandemic as cover, the Trump administration has begun to more aggressively roll back regulations meant to protect the environment. These are examples of what Naomi Klein dubbed “the shock doctrine”: the phenomenon wherein polluters and their government allies push through unpopular policy changes under the smokescreen of a public emergency.
On Thursday, the EPA announced (non-paywalled) an expansive relaxation of environmental laws and fines, exempting companies from consequences for pollution. Under the new rules, there are basically no rules. Companies are asked to “act responsibly” but are not required to report when their facilities discharge pollution into the air or water. Just five days before abandoning any pollution oversight, the oil industry’s largest trade group implored the administration for assistance, stating that social distancing measures caused a steep drop in demand for gasoline.

• Monday morning update: In an interview with Fox News this morning, Trump said he was going to call Putin after the interview to discuss the Saudi-Russia oil fight. A consequence of this "battle" has been plummeting prices in the U.S. making it difficult for domestic companies (like shale extraction) to turn a profit. It's striking that the day after Dr. Fauci told Americans we can expect 100,000 to 200,000 deaths from COVID-19 (if we keep social distancing measures in place), Trump's first action is to talk to Fox News and his second action is to intervene in an international tiff on behalf of the oil and gas industry.

Gina McCarthy, who led the E.P.A. under the Obama administration, called the rollback “an open license to pollute.” Cynthia Giles, who headed the EPA enforcement division during the Obama administration, said “it is so far beyond any reasonable response I am just stunned.”
The EPA is also moving forward with a widely-opposed rule to limit the types of scientific studies used when crafting new regulations or revising current ones. Hidden behind claims of increased transparency, the rule would require disclosure of all raw data used in scientific studies. This would disqualify many fields of research that rely on personal health information from individuals that must be kept confidential. For example, studies that show air pollution causes premature deaths or a certain pesticide is linked to birth defects would be rejected under the proposed rule change.
Officials and scientists are calling upon the EPA to extend the time for comment on the regulatory changes, arguing that the public is unable to express their opinion while dealing with the pandemic.

“These rollbacks need and deserve the input of our public health community, but right now, they are rightfully focused on responding to the coronavirus,” said Representative Frank Pallone of New Jersey, the chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.

Other controversial decisions being made:

• A former EPA official who worked on controversial policies returned as Administrator Andrew Wheeler’s chief of staff. Mandy Gunasekara helped write regulations to ease pollution controls for coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions in her previous role as chief of the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation. In a recent interview, Gunasekara, who played a role in the decision to exit the Paris Climate Accord, pushed back on the more dire predictions of climate change, saying, “I don't think it is catastrophic.”
  
• NYT: The plastic bag industry, battered by a wave of bans nationwide, is using the coronavirus crisis to try to block laws prohibiting single-use plastic. “We simply don’t want millions of Americans bringing germ-filled reusable bags into retail establishments putting the public and workers at risk,” an industry campaign that goes by the name Bag the Ban warned on Tuesday. (Also see The Guardian)
  
• Kentucky, South Dakota, and West Virginia passed laws putting new criminal penalties on protests against fossil fuel infrastructure in just the past two weeks.
  
• The Hill: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said Friday that it will extend the amount of time that winter gasoline can be sold this year as producers have been facing lower demand due to the coronavirus. It will allow companies to sell the winter-grade gasoline through May 20, whereas companies would have previously been required to stop selling it by May 1 to protect air quality. “In responding to an international health crisis, the last thing the EPA should do is take steps that will worsen air quality and undermine the public’s health,” biofuels expert David DeGennaro said.
  
• NYT: At the Interior Department, employees at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service have been under strict orders to complete the rule eliminating some protections for migratory birds within 30 days, according to two people with direct knowledge of the orders. The 45-day comment period on that rule ended on March 19.
  
• WaPo: The Interior Department has received over 230 nominations for oil and gas leases covering more than 150,000 acres across southern Utah, a push that would bring drilling as close as a half-mile from some of the nation’s most famous protected sites, including Arches and Canyonlands National Parks… if all the fossil fuels buried in those sites was extracted and burned, it would translate into between 1 billion and 5.95 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide being released into the air. That upward measure is equal to half the annual carbon output of China
  

Court updates

Press freedom case
Southern District of New York District Judge Lorna Schofield ruled that a literary advocacy group’s lawsuit against Trump for allegedly violating the First Amendment can move forward. The group, PEN America, is pursuing claims that Trump “has used government power to retaliate against media coverage and reporters he dislikes.”
Schofield determined that PEN’s allegation that Trump made threats to chill free speech was valid, providing as an example the White House’s revocation of CNN correspondent Jim Acosta’s press press corps credentials:

”The threats are lent credence by the fact that Defendant has acted on them before, by revoking Mr. Acosta’s credentials and barring reporters from particular press conferences. The Press Secretary indeed e-mailed the entire press corps to inform them of new rules of conduct and to warn of further consequences, citing the incident involving Mr. Acosta… These facts plausibly allege that a motivation for defendant’s actions is controlling and punishing speech he dislikes.”

Twitter case
The president suffered another First Amendment defeat last week when the full 2nd Circuit Court of Appeals declined to review a previous ruling that prevents Trump from blocking users on the Twitter account he uses to communicate with the public. Judge Barrington D. Parker, a Nixon-appointee, wrote: “Excluding people from an otherwise public forum such as this by blocking those who express views critical of a public official is, we concluded, unconstitutional.”
Trump-appointees Michael Parker and Richard Sullivan authored a dissent, arguing the free speech “does not include a right to post on other people’s personal social media accounts, even if those other people happen to be public officials.” Park warned that the ruling will allow the social media pages of public officials to be “overrun with harassment, trolling, and hate speech, which officials will be powerless to filter.”
Florida’s felon voting
U.S. District Judge Robert Hinkle ripped into Florida Governor Ron DeSantis’s administration for failing to come up with a process to determine which felons are genuinely unable to pay court-ordered fees and fines, which are otherwise required to be paid before having their voting rights restored.
“If the state is not going to fix it, I will,” Hinkle warned. He had given the state five months to come up with an administrative process for felons to prove they’re unable to pay financial obligations, but Florida officials did not do so. The case is set to be heard on April 28 (notwithstanding any coronavirus-related delays).

ICE, Jails, and COVID-19

ICE
One of the most overlooked populations with an increased risk of death from coronavirus are those in detention facilities, which keep people in close quarters with little sanitation or protective measures (including for staff).
Last week, U.S. District Judge Dolly Gee ordered the federal government to “make continuous efforts” to release migrant children from detention centers across the country. Numerous advocacy groups asked for the release after reports that four children being held in New York had tested positive for the virus:

“The threat of irreparable injury to their health and safety is palpable,” the plaintiffs’ lawyers said in their petition… both of the agencies operating migrant children detention facilities must by April 6 provide an accounting of their efforts to release those in custody… “Her order will undoubtedly speed up releases,” said Peter Schey, co-counsel for the plaintiffs in the court case.

On Tuesday, 13 immigrants held at ICE facilities in California filed a lawsuit demanding to be released because their health conditions make them particularly vulnerable to dying if infected by the coronavirus. An ACLU statement says the detainees are “confined in crowded and unsanitary conditions where social distancing is not possible.” The 13 individuals are all over the age of 50 and/or suffering from serious underlying medical issues like high blood pressure.

“From all the evidence we have seen, ICE is failing to fulfill its constitutional obligation to protect the health and safety of individuals in its custody. ICE should exercise its existing discretion to release people with serious medical conditions from detention for humanitarian reasons,” said William Freeman, senior counsel at the ACLU of Northern California.

Meanwhile, ICE is under fire for continuing to shuttle detainees across the country, with one even being forced to take nine different flights bouncing from Louisiana to Texas to New Jersey less than two weeks ago. That man is Dr. Sirous Asgari, a materials science and engineering professor from Iran, who was acquitted last year on federal charges of stealing trade secrets. The government lost its case against him, yet ICE has had him in indefinite detention since November.

Asgari, 59, told the Guardian that his Ice holding facility in Alexandria, Louisiana, had no basic cleaning practices in place and continued to bring in new detainees from across the country with no strategy to minimize the threat of Covid-19...Detainees have no hand sanitizer, and the facility is not regularly cleaning bathrooms or sleeping areas…Detainees lack access to masks… Detainees struggle to stay clean, and the facility has an awful stench.

Jails
State jails are making a better effort to release detained individuals, as both New York and New Jersey ordered a thousand people in each state be let out of jail. The order applied only to low-level offenders sentenced to less than a year in jail and those held on technical probation violations. In Los Angeles County, officials released over 1,700 people from its jails.
A judge in Alabama took similar steps last week, ordering roughly 500 people jailed for minor offenses to be released to lessen crowding in facilities. Unlike in New York and New Jersey, however, local officials reacted in an uproar, led in part by the state executive committee for the Alabama Republican Party and Assistant District Attorney C.J. Robinson. Using angry Facebook messages as the barometer of the community’s feelings, Robinson worked “frantically” to block inmates from being released.

• Reuters: As of Saturday, at least 132 inmates and 104 staff at jails across New York City had tested positive for COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus… Since March 22, jails have reported 226 inmates and 131 staff with confirmed cases of COVID-19, according to a Reuters survey of cities and counties that run America’s 20 largest jails. The numbers are almost certainly an undercount given the fast spread of the virus.

Tribe opposed by Trump loses land

On Wednesday, The Federal Bureau of Indian Affairs announced the Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe’s reservation would be "disestablished" and its land trust status removed. Tribal Chairman Cedric Cromwell called the move "cruel" and "unnecessary,” particularly coming in the midst of a pandemic crisis. Rep. Bill Keating (D-Mass.), who last year introduced legislation to protect the tribe's reservation as trust land in Massachusetts, said the order “is one of the most cruel and nonsensical acts I have seen since coming to Congress.”
The administration’s decision is especially suspicious as just last year Trump attacked the tribe’s plan to build a casino on its land, tweeting that allowing the construction would be “unfair” and treat Native Americans unequally. As a former casino owner, Trump has spent decades attacking Native American casinos as unfair competition. At a 1993 congressional hearing Trump said that tribal owners “don’t look like Indians to me” and claimed: “I might have more Indian blood than a lot of the so-called Indians that are trying to open up the reservations” to gambling.
More than his past history, however, Trump has current interests at play in the Mashpee Wampanoag’s planned casino: it would have competed for business with nearby Rhode Island casinos owned by Twin River Worldwide Holdings, whose president, George Papanier, was a finance executive at the Trump Plaza casino hotel in Atlantic City.

In the Mashpee case, Twin River, the operator of the two Rhode Island casinos, has hired Matthew Schlapp, chairman of the American Conservative Union and a vocal Trump supporter, to lobby for it on the land issue. Schlapp’s wife, Mercedes, is director of strategic communications at the White House.

My wife and I have always had a bit of a rocky relationship. She has a gambling problem that she has not made many strides to address and was a major factor in our decision to move from CA to TX last October. Since the move, she has had a couple of nights of "going out with friends" that ended up with her driving the ~5 hours necessary to get out of state to a casino in either OK or LA, but this week takes the cake.
​
On Monday 6/3, she rented a car since we currently only own one and then drove to Louisiana and basically fell off the map. In that time she burned through all of the money in our shared account and I'm assuming hers as well. I also found out in the past few weeks that the paychecks that she had deposited into my personal account have bounced because I assume she used mobile deposit and then cashed them elsewhere. She would not respond to any texts or calls on Monday but finally FaceTimed our daughters on Tuesday. Since then it has been a lot of nothing. She hasn't been home at all and judging by the iMessages I see on her iPad at home she has been hitting up anyone and everyone she can to borrow money to try to recoup her losses from this recent binge. I have been able to continue taking the kids to daycare and doing the part time job that I have currently, but this will not be sustainable for long. Our mortgage payment is due on the 15th and I also found out that since she hasn't shown up to her job at all that she's been let go from there. This puts additional hardship upon us since hers is the primary income of the household currently.
​
We have two daughters together, aged 2 and 3. I have declarations of paternity from the state of California for both of them, but the real wrinkle is that I've also been taking care of my stepson during this. He is 11 and I have no legal guardianship of him.
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My question is this: what are the first steps I need to take to establish a custody order and begin the process of separating myself from this giant collection of mistakes I've made? I realize that seeking sole conservatorship of the girls will be an uphill battle in Texas, but I do have documentation of her absence over the past week and it shouldn't be too hard to establish her neglectful behavior. Any advice or resources would be greatly appreciated.

*this passage is combine of tons of history
*TO BE HONEST, I can't… give summary with this passage… so anyone who can give summary pls comment btw…
*be sure that u guys read all this passage, because her things too big…
*Like always, this passage will combine with three language.
*The slave trade is always an indelible sore in American history, for the perpetrators, for the victims.
|。•ω•)っ◆ **♬◇♪ starto♭★****
1.A brief history of Haiti
Haiti was originally the habitat of the Arawak tribe of the Indian tribe. The name "Haiti" is derived from the language of the indigenous Arawak, meaning "mountain". The Arawak is now extinct.
Columbus sailed here in 1492, and named the island Hispaniola (Spain Island), and officially became a Spanish colony in 1502. Due to smallpox, the Alawak, who lacked immunity, became extinct. The Spaniards then trafficked a large number of black slaves from Africa. Since the Spanish invasion, the indigenous people have rapidly reduced to extinction. The colonial masters introduced a large number of black slaves from Africa in order to supplement their labor, and Haiti has since become a black country to develop its agricultural economy.
In 1697, under the Treaty of Ryswick, Haiti was ceded to France and became a French colony. As a result, Haiti has been influenced by many religions, politics, and costumes from France. Culturally, native African civilizations + foreign European civilizations have also merged. Haitian food is now mostly French.
In 1791, the black leader Dusan Luvitul led the Haitians to wage an independence war and became the first country in Latin America to fight for independence. In 1804, the insurgents captured Port-au-Prince, declared independence, and established a republic. However, after independence, Haiti failed to establish an effective democratic system. The political situation was turbulent, and the dictators continued to be overthrown and overthrown. From the independence of Haiti to the year of 1915, a total of nearly 90 rulers came to power.
Since 1915, the United States has basically occupied Haiti and controlled most government departments.
The total population of Haiti is about 2.5 million people. 95% of them were descendants of West African and Congolese slaves who were brought to Haiti from 1518 to 1801. The other 5% are Eurasian and less than 3,000 Europeans. In this era, natives were called "blacks" or "creoles" and Europeans were called "whites".
The official religion in Haiti is Roman Catholicism, but in fact, most people believe in a mixed religion of voodoo and Catholicism, and they believe that the two are inseparable. The content of the voodoo faith will be explained in more detail later.
In short, this is a country where black people organized themselves to overthrow the white regime, and the conflicts between Haiti and European countries were also serious at that time. White people couldn't even go out there alone, wearing guns and the like. Weapons dare to take to the streets (to some extent, this also explains why the identity of the Pattia biracial is considered a "curse" by the locals)
2.19th Century New Orleans and Black Trafficking
Before talking about New Orleans, let's briefly talk about the slave trade (or Atlantic slave trade).
The Atlantic slave trade, or the transatlantic slave trade. Refers to the 16th to 19th centuries (also known as early as the 15th century and continued until the 20th century), in the Atlantic Rim, the African continent as cheap labor to provide trade to the colonies of the American continent. The source of slaves was mainly western and central Africa. Blacks were captured and trafficked to the American continent by Europeans through trade or attacks, abductions and other means. This trading activity is also known as the black slave trade in modern times, but in fact, this statement is not appropriate because, before the Middle Ages, black slave trade activities appeared, so the words Transatlantic should be added.
Slave traders include (in order of size): Portuguese, English, French, Spanish, Dutch, and American. Some traders have outposts off the coast of Africa, and the outposts have local tribal leaders they bought to provide them with slaves. In the slave trade with strong colonialism that lasted for about 400 years, it is currently estimated that about 12 million slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas. Some scholars have obtained relatively higher data, especially from Africa. After counting the 10 million people who died in shipping, Africa's population loss data can reach 30 million
The triangle trade we are familiar with occurred in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. From then on, the slave trade was a violation of human rights. Secondly, it no longer received tangible benefits. It was gradually banned by European countries. Only in the United States, because of the problems in the South, it was banned repeatedly and eventually evolved into the American Civil War.
Then talk back to New Orleans.
New Orleans (French:La Nouvelle-Orléans) New Orleans is the main port city in the United States. It is located in the south of Louisiana and is the largest city in the state. Administratively co-located with Orleans Parish. New Orleans is known for its numerous French buildings, Creole cuisine, and rich musical forms (the birthplace of jazz), and is also known as "the most unique city in the United States." However, because New Orleans is located in the estuary swamp area, most of the urban area is below sea level and is more affected by hurricanes.
However, it was not so beautiful in the nineteenth century.
Residents of New Orleans, first of all, were French, and later Spanish and Caribbean, and slaves from Africa. For the first time, it was incompatible with British and American culture. Even for a long time, they did not welcome white Americans, even British and Americans, to enter New Orleans.
It can be said that in the past two hundred years, the culture here is very different from other American cities, and even different from many parts of the southern United States. Although the economic structure of the southern United States is similar, it is actually quite different. These once different languages, cultures, fashions, and beliefs are now closely intertwined, and evolved into carnival, jazz, and voodoo, and evolved into a unique New Orleans culture full of Creo style.
To put it simply, this was a rare and inclusive city in the South at the time. There were both slaves and black people living as free people. In addition, black people actually have a certain amount of power and territory in the local area, and the universal abolitionist movement has also given them a certain deterrent and rebellious spirit against white people.
The four largest slave rebellion schemes in American history occurred during a period of 31 years, around the early 19th century. The first plot of the rebellion was organized by Gabriel, a Virginia slave. Eleven years later, slave riots took place in sugar cane plantations in the upper reaches of New Orleans. About 200 to 500 men and women marched into New Orleans with cane machetes, axes, sticks, and some firearms. They destroyed property along the way, and scared white people along the way to flee to New Orleans in terror.
Two days later, the state's militia and regulars exchanged fire with the insurgents, and after a fierce battle killed 63 people, they were dispersed. Soon afterwards, all the leaders of the riot were beheaded. The only explanation for their behavior by the captured rebels was that, as one said, they wanted to "kill the white people", but it seemed that they were encouraged by the success of the Haitian slave revolution not long ago.
Two days later, the state's militia and regulars exchanged fire with the insurgents, and after a fierce battle killed 63 people, they were dispersed. Soon afterwards, all the leaders of the riot were beheaded. The only explanation for their behavior by the captured rebels was that, as one said, they wanted to "kill the white people", but it seemed that they were encouraged by the success of the Haitian slave revolution not long ago.
In addition, the last recorded slave ship to land in the United States was the Clotilde, which illegally smuggled some Africans to Mobile, Alabama, in 1859. Therefore, Patricia should arrive in New Orleans earlier than this time point, and according to the point of view of a later time, the time point when she deduced the end of the story should be the time point when the slave ship has not been abolished (more on that later).
3.Voodoo and its deities
Vodun (Vodun vodṹ), also translated Voodoo, the most common translation in the country affected by the Western media's impression of discrimination is voodoo. It is a belief of the Fon people that is popular in Benin, south-central Togo, and Ghana and Nigeria. It is a native African religion.
Voodoo is significantly different from the traditional beliefs of other landlocked countries in Africa. Since then, African Americans have been taken to the Americas, extending out of voodoo in Haiti, voodoo in Dominica, voodoo in Cuba, voodoo in brazil, and voodoo in Louisiana.
Voodoo is significantly different from the traditional beliefs of other landlocked countries in Africa. Since then, African Americans have been taken to the Americas, extending out of voodoo in Haiti, voodoo in Dominica, voodoo in Cuba, voodoo in brazil, and voodoo in Louisiana.
Fudu means soul and deity in Fon language. Voodoo is widely believed in Western countries such as Benin and is now the state religion of Benin. Although voodoo is a religion, it has no doctrines and scriptures, nor has it been recognized as a religious legal person. During the ceremony, drumming, singing and dancing, with animals as sacrifices, God will understand the possession of people. The priest who presided over Voodoo was called Hong An (Fon: hùn gan).
Voodoo followed the slave trade of the Kingdom of Dahomey and was taken by black slaves to the Americas, extending various branches. Among them, Fudu, Haiti is the best known. And what Patricia believed in should be the extension of the branch of Haiti's Voodoo.
Vodou is a Haitian Creole word that formerly referred to only a small subset of Haitian rituals. The word derives from an Ayizo word referring to mysterious forces or powers that govern the world and the lives of those who reside within it, but also a range of artistic forms that function in conjunction with these vodun energies. Two of the major speaking populations of Ayizo are the Ewe and the Fon—European slavers called both the Arada. These two peoples composed a sizable number of the early enslaved population in St. Dominigue. In Haiti, practitioners occasionally use "Vodou" to refer to Haitian religion generically, but it is more common for practitioners to refer to themselves as those who "serve the spirits" (sèvitè) by participating in ritual ceremonies, usually called a "service to the loa" (sèvis lwa) or an "African service" (sèvis gine). These terms also refer to religion as a whole.
4.Haitian Voodoo
Outside of Haiti, the term Vodou refers to the entirety of traditional Haitian religious practice. Originally written as vodun, it is first recorded in Doctrina Christiana, a 1658 document written by the King of Allada's ambassador to the court of Philip IV of Spain.In the following centuries, Vodou was eventually taken up by non-Haitians as a generic descriptive term for traditional Haitian religion. There are many used orthographies for this word. Today, the spelling, “Vodou” is the most commonly accepted orthography in English. Other potential spellings include Vodoun, vaudou, and voodoo, with vau- or vou- prefix variants reflecting French orthography, and a final -n reflecting the nasal vowel in West African or older, non-urbanized, Haitian Creole pronunciations.
The spelling voodoo, once very common, is now generally avoided by Haitian practitioners and scholars when referring to the Haitian religion. This is both to avoid confusion with Louisiana Voodoo, a related but distinct set of religious practices, as well as to separate Haitian Vodou from the negative connotations and misconceptions the term "voodoo" has acquired in popular culture.
Over the years, practitioners and their supporters have called on various institutions including the Associated Press to redress this misrepresentation by adopting "Vodou" in reference to the Haitian religion. In October 2012, the Library of Congress decided to change their subject heading from "Voodooism" to Vodou in response to a petition by a group of scholars and practitioners in collaboration with KOSANBA, the scholarly association for the study of Haitian Vodou based at University of California Santa Barbara.
here’s a link to there: Haitian Voodoo
There are 401 deities in Voodoo, which belong to 21 denominations. These gods come to help people solve some problems they encounter. Although voodoo activities vary in different countries, regions, and even villages, voodoo believes that the gods are mainly divided into two groups or two races. The Lada people mainly come from Benin's indigenous beliefs. They are all good gods, the most friendly to humans, and the gods that Voodoo pray to for the most help.
The other is the Pedro, and there are many opinions about the origin of this protoss. Some people think this is the god of the Congo, some people think it is a god that appeared after the slaves came to Haiti, and some people simply think that these gods "are not from Africa." Not all Pedro gods are evil gods, but they are indeed more violent and hostile to humans. All Radha gods have their corresponding Pedro gods (or its dark side). Few Voodoos dare to sacrifice the god Pedro, lest they provoke their anger.
Of course, because Haiti's Voodoo was founded later, the sacrifices dedicated to these gods are actually quite secular, such as spirits, cigarettes, and even magazines. Once the gods appear, are fed and given assistance or advice, they leave the meeting. However, some gods are very secular, and they may even play tricks. For example, the Guiwa tribe is famous for "just another cigarette or a drink"
Most of them are very secular and even cool
Portrait of Baron Samadi, Voodoo
( please devs do this ahhhh with JACKKKK!!!)
In short, there are some small details, which will be described later.
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What is Hudu?
Voodoo is Vodun, and Hu is Hoodoo. Hinduism is folk magic sourced from Voodoo. However, it lacks complete beliefs, deities, and systems like Voodoo. It is mainly cursed and magic rituals. It is now popular in New Orleans, USA.
Of course, Hu Du originated earlier, and it was only after the voodoo education, that culturally unknown. All in all, it is more like pure witchcraft and technology than the whole religion. The monkey head used by Patricia should also belong to Hudu rather than Voodoo because she had been rejected by Voodoo gods.
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19th Century Scientific Racism
Racism refers to a set of far-right social ideologies. The basic belief is that human beings can be classified into different and unaffiliated "ethnic races". Therefore, it is claimed that the inherited physical characteristics directly determine human nature, IQ, and morality. Etc. cultural and behavioral characteristics, and claim that people of certain races are inherently superior to people of other races. Racism also favors treating people of certain races with contempt, hate, contempt, or racial discrimination.
In the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, racism was a kind of pseudoscience. It was once studied by a group of scholars as a humanity and a social science. (Of course, scientific racism is different from anthropology and ethnology. The latter two are based on the perspective of equality, and will be discriminatory from the perspective of the times; scientific racism is itself a study to prove discrimination)
Later, American doctor Samuel A. Cartwright, who will be mentioned in Patricia's inference, is one of the promoters of scientific racism.
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Deduction part
1.A Photo: A dark-skinned woman in a headscarf is carrying a baby in her arms.
A Photo: A dark-skinned woman in a headscarf is carrying a baby in her arms.
1.妈妈:掷骰子前喊出她的名字吧！你会获得好运。
一张照片：包着头巾的深色妇人怀里抱着一个婴孩。
1.お母さん:サイコロを振る前に彼女の名前を呼んでみて！
あなたに幸運をもたらしてくれるかもよ。
一枚の写真：スカーフを頭に巻いた色黒のご婦人が腕に赤ん坊を抱えている。
The beginning of the story was adopted by Patricia as a baby and raised by her adoptive mother. At that time, her adoptive mother loved this little baby from Haiti and thought that Patricia could bring good luck to the people around her and herself.
The game they play here should be Craps.
According to legend, the invention of dice was originally used as a divination prop, not a gambling prop. It was not until the Middle Ages that dice were used as a winning betting game. Hundreds of years ago, a game popular in Britain called Hazard dice was the prototype of Craps, the most popular dice game today. Citi dice is a game brought by French settlers to New Orleans. The word actually comes from a game in ancient France, Crapaud (meaning "toad" in French-because players often get together in the streets and play like toads).
As for the name "Patricia", it is derived from the male name Patrick and is derived from the Latin "nobleman". The name became more and more popular when Queen Victoria's granddaughter Princess Patricia was born in 1886 and was eventually called Patsy by family and friends.
In a sense, her name was indeed blessed by her adoptive mother.
2.Banjo: In this city, music has never been too far from people.
A Photo: A dark-skinned man playing the banjo dressed in rags and with whiplash marks on his hands and feet.
2.班卓琴:在这座城市，音乐从来不曾高高在上。
一张照片：抱着班卓琴弹奏的深肤色男性，穿着破烂，手脚有鞭痕。
2.バンジョー:音楽はこの街で高みに立った物ではない
一枚の写真：バンジョーを弾いている色黒の男性、服がボロボロで、手足に鞭で打たれた痕がある。
Banjo, also known as turtledove or ukulele, is an African-American slave developed from several African musical instruments. The current banjos have 4-string and 6-string. Among them, the six-stringed banjo is more popular than guitar. Banjo used to appear in traditional African-American music and 19th-century minstrel shows. Today, it is mostly used to play country and bluegrass music. Kind of music.
Patricia was rescued by her mother after being abandoned, so she was free and did not live as a slave. But at that time, more black people had certain personal freedom during the rest period, but their lives and bodies were bought, and most of them could only work to death in the plantation. Music was their only comfort and light of life.
Patricia was brought by her mother since she was a child, and she kept in touch with these people, and she also had a certain opinion on the relationship between blacks and whites. Perhaps she was very disgusted and hated whites like most blacks at that time. At that time, she also longed for equality and hoped that everyone born in the world should be given due respect.
3.Bloodline: "You are special", mother used to say.
"You will be a great shaman. Your mother is from Haiti and she'll be proud of you."
3.血统:"你是特别的。”妈妈常常这样说。
"你会成为出色的巫师，你的母亲来自海地，她一定会为你骄傲。“
3.血統:「あなたは特別なの」お母さんはよくこう言っていた。
「あなたはきっと立派な魔術師になれるよ、あなたのお母さんはハイチ出身よ、きっとあなたのことを誇りに思うわ」
One of the reasons Patricia was valued by her adoptive mother was that she was born in Haiti, so her witchcraft was pure. So the question is, who is Patricia's adoptive mother?
In America, voodoo worship is generally matrilineal. The Order is led by a priestess, known as the "Queen of Voodoo", and her mantle will only be passed on to her daughter. The priestess would choose a man to serve as her assistant. This assistant would eventually become the "voodoo king" and preside over the ceremonies and ceremonies, while the priestess would be watching, occasionally giving orders or making suggestions. (In Haiti, the true leader of the Order is more often a "king" than a "queen.") A priestess is often referred to as a "prince". (Such as Smith, Jones, etc.)
Parthia's mother is likely to be such a "voodoo queen", and she adopted Patricia not only because of her background but also because she wanted someone to inherit her powers.
I will analyze the prototype of Patricia's mother later, this is indeed not a simple woman
4.Damballa: It's not that you've chosen to believe in him, but that he has chosen you.
Note 1: Prepare the white rum and seven different color snakes, light up seven candles at midnight, and read the following spell: "With the white rum as holy water and the great serpent spirit, Damballa, grant me strength." Seven days later at midnight, the target will return home.
4.丹巴拉:并不是你选择信奉他，而是他选择了你。
笔记1：准备白朗姆和七条不同颜色蛇，在午夜点亮七只蜡烛，念出以下咒语：”以白朗姆作为神圣之水，伟大的蛇神丹巴拉，请赐予我祈求的力量。“七日后的午夜，施术对象会回到家中。
4.タンブラ:お前が彼を選んだんじゃない、彼がお前を選んだのだ。
ノート1：白ラム酒と七匹色の違う蛇を用意して、真夜中に七本のろうそくに火をつけて、
「白ラム酒を聖なる水として、偉大なる蛇の神タンブラ、我に祈りの力を」と呪文を唱える。
七日後の真夜中に施術対象者は家に戻る。
The white rum and the seven snakes of different colors here should actually refer to two voodoo gods:
Dambala We`do: Patriarch of Radha's deities (elves in a sense). The incarnation of the snake is white.
Ayida We`do: Dambala's wife. The incarnation of the rainbow.
White Rum sacrificed to Dambara, and seven different colored snakes sacrificed to his wife. Here Patricia should have grown up, trying to teach her mother to teach her own witchcraft.
Here is a popular science about the location of the voodoo surgery. They generally have special surgery rooms:
Humfa
The place where voodoo rituals are performed is called Humfa. This place can be a room in a witch's house, it can be an open-air shed, it can be an abandoned building, or it can be a house specially built for the ceremony. If Humfa is located indoors, a foyer will be set up at the door where believers will wait for the ceremony to begin.
Lines and threads are drawn on the floor of the porch leading to Humfa, and these patterns are said to prevent evil spirits from entering. According to the theory of Voodoo, the evil god respected the patterned lines and was eventually lost in it.
Two pillars will be erected inside Humfa, one for women to gather around, and the other for men. Snakes or dancers are usually painted on the walls, and necklaces made of snake spines are hung. In addition, the Christian background of Voodoo is also reflected in the design of Humfa: there are also crosses and portraits of the Virgin Mary around. The altar was placed in the forefront of the room and covered with a white tablecloth with wine, fruits, pastries and tobacco dedicated to the gods. The decoration on the ground in front of the altar symbolizes the passage of the gods into Humfa: the circle on the northmost side represents the earth, the westmost represents the sky, and the southernmost represents the ocean. Grains are often sprinkled around these patterns. The drummers who accompanied the ceremonial dance were sitting on the right side of the altar, and the priest was sitting on the high-heeled stool on the left.
Here, the witchcraft performed by Patricia should be used to find people and things, but it has just begun and has not yet yielded results. Mother told Patricia that it was Dambara who chose the wizard, not her belief in him-in other words, her rituals did not necessarily yield results.
Here's another explanation: Adoptive mother Patricia may have been instructed by Dan Barra-she thinks there is a connection between the baby and God, and she finally decides to raise her.
5.Unreachable: Wait, my daughter, you need to be more patient.
Note 2: Holy shamans over the age of 40 can communicate with Damballa. These shamans should be compassionate, kind, and respectful of nature and peace. Damballa is not a spirit who can be summoned by sacrifice. This connection is highly-related to the shaman's energy.
5.难以企及:等待，我的女儿，你需要更多耐心。
笔记2：年满40岁的神圣巫师可以与丹巴拉交流，这些巫师应当具备同情心、善良、敬重自然与和平。丹巴拉并不是可以凭借献祭就能获得联系的神明，这种交流与巫师的正向能量有关。
5.遠く及ばない:待つのよ、私のお嬢ちゃん、あなたは辛抱強さが足りないわ。
ノート2：40歳の聖なる魔術師はタンブラと交流することができる。
魔術師は同情心があり、善良で、自然と平和を敬わなければならない。
タンブラはいけにえを捧げるだけでつながりを持っている神様ではない。
こういった交流は魔術師のポジティブパワーと関わっている。
Sure enough, Patricia's ritual failed. She must have been very frustrated then, and her adoptive mother comforted her. The adoptive mother believes that Patricia has no awakening power. On the one hand, she may be too young and proud, so she has not been recognized by Dambara; combined with the following, she may also think that if Patricia returns to her hometown of Haiti, her power may be Only then will you be strengthened, and you can establish contact with Dambara.
6.Proud: My beautiful daughter.
You are my pride and joy, she said.
6.骄傲:我美丽的女儿。
你是我的骄傲，她这样说道。
6.誇り:私の美しい娘。
「あなたは私の誇りよ」と彼女は言った。
As time passed, Patricia became an adult and had her own ideas. Maybe her use of witchcraft has not been as smooth as expected, so she came up with the idea of ​​returning to her hometown of Haiti to find the source. As a voodoo queen, her adoptive mother had obvious connections from Haiti and was happy to arrange trips for her daughter.
Before leaving, she told Patricia that Patricia was her pride. As a mother, she sent blessings and praises to her daughter.
7.Papa Legba: He is the intermediary between Loa and mortals.
Note 3: Prepare crutches, broad-brimmed hats, pipes, and high-quality tobacco, light a candle, and call on the name of Papa Legba. Papa Legba will assess the caster and allow or deny them permission to talk to the returned spirits.
7.力高爸:诸罗华与凡人的中介，沟通之桥。
笔记3：准备拐杖、宽边帽、烟斗、优质烟草，点燃一支蜡烛，呼唤力高爸老爹的名字。力高爸会审视施术者，允许或拒绝他们与归里的灵魂交谈。
7.リゴバ:天神との仲介役、橋渡し。
ノート3：杖、つばの広い帽子、喫煙パイプ、質の良いタバコ葉を用意し、
一本のろうそくに火をつけ、リゴバおやじの名前を呼ぶ。
リゴバは施術者を見極め、グリの魂との会話を許可または拒絶する
Papa Legba is one of the Loa of Voodoo in Haiti. He is the intermediary between Loa and mortals. Papa Legba lives at the junction of the living world and the post-mortem world, and can allow or deny people to talk to the soul of Guilee (the post-mortem world in Haiti's Voodoo religion). Human language. In Haiti, Papa Legba is considered an outstanding speaker. Lego Dad can assist in communication, speaking, and understanding.
Papa Legba's image is usually an old man with a cane, a wide-brimmed hat, smoking a pipe or splashing water, and the dog takes him as his god. Papa Legba often used St. Peter, St. Lazarus, and St. Anthony of Lisbon.
So the question came, what did Patricia ask?
She may be looking for the source, asking Papa Legba about her father and where is he.
Here, Patricia should have returned to Haiti, and tried to call Papa Legba to try to communicate with many elves. I think that she successfully called the elf and also knew what she wanted to know-but I mentioned before: when Voodoo casts a spell, there will usually be someone nearby.
As the daughter of her adoptive mother, Patricia is estimated to be the elder of Haiti's Voodoo or years of sacrifice. She has a high status and may be a wizard who can communicate with Dambara over 40 years old. If Patricia knew something through rituals, they should also know.
So the question came, what did Patricia ask?
She may be looking for the source, asking about Father Ligo's own father and where is him.
As a result, it is conceivable that the sacrifice of Haiti now understands the fact that Patricia is a dirty mixed race.
8.Shame: My unfortunate daughter.
You are a disgrace to me, she said.
8.羞耻:我不幸的女儿。
你是我的耻辱，她这样说道。
8.恥:私の不幸な娘。
「あなたは私の恥だ」と彼女は言った。
Those priests may have put Patricia under house arrest for warning reasons after the ceremony and wrote to inform her adoptive mother of what happened. Patricia is shocked and unacceptable. She hopes her mother can tell her that these are fakes, and she is not a mixed race.
However, the letter her mother sent her wrote: You are my disgrace.
9."Cursed": They call me a bastard.
Now I know why the seed of sin is the product of violence. The other half came from an invader who destroyed her homeland.
9.“诅咒”:他们称呼我为，杂种。
现在我知道为什么了，罪孽的孩子，暴行的产物。那另一半血统来自一个践踏她故乡的入侵者。
9.「呪い」 :みんな私のことを雑種と呼んでいる。
その理由は今わかった。
罪の種、暴行の産物。
その半分の血統は彼女の故郷を踏みにじった侵入者からきている。
When things were clear, Patricia also lost the protection her adoptive mother gave her. The Voodoo congregation in Haiti will certainly no longer look good on Patricia, insulting her as a "hybrid" in public, and asking her to leave Haiti and return to New Orleans. Fortunately, in the deduction, she should not have been substantially harmed in these matters (At the time, Haiti was very chaotic and it was easy to cause human life)
After she returned to New Orleans, although her adoptive mother accepted her temporarily, the relationship between the two was definitely not as good as before. Perhaps through certain voodoo methods, her adoptive mother found out Patisia's birth: she was not born into love or other affection, and her life was just the accidental product of an atrocity.
The evil of slavery in the United States is difficult to say, as the famous abolitionist Ver Douglas revealed: "Slavery in the United States grants a person the right to use and forcibly treat the body and soul of others as property. The situation is almost like a beast. He is a property ... his own virtue, conscience, wisdom, and feelings are completely abandoned by the owner. " 1978 edition, pages 19-20.)
Therefore, the situation of black people under slavery is extremely tragic. Generally speaking, female slaves are more difficult, painful, and restricted than male slaves in all aspects. In addition to engaging in forced labor like male slaves, they also have to bear the pain of childbirth and abuse that ignores their female characteristics. In addition, it has become a common tool for white male slaves to become a female sex slave.
Whether they are female slaves on the plantation or female planters' homes, in addition to being used as labor, they are also used as a tool for childbearing.
Thomas Sowell pointed out in "A Brief History of American Race": "The United States had the largest number of slaves in the Western Hemisphere in 1825. However, other countries actually imported more slaves than the United States, and Brazil imported the United States. Six times. The difference is that the United States is the only country where slaves can breed offspring and maintain population growth in accordance with the laws of nature. "
Among them, "Maryland is a state that breeds slaves, where men, women, and children are raised and sold" (Note: Yang Shengmao: Foreword, p. 21).
It is more profitable to sell slaves than to use slaves. As a result, slave owners treated female slaves as "females" and forced childbearing. Therefore, the price of female slaves is valued according to the shape of the milk / room, and the "girl" among the female slaves is the most valuable. A Baltimore slave owner William Otter's property chart in 1773 shows that a 25-year-old girl named Nanny is worth $ 40, a 20-year-old girl named Hanna is worth $ 45, and a 30-year-old male slave named Jack is worth $ 16.25 (Note: Mabel E. Deutrich and Virginia. C. Purdy ed., Clio Was A Woman, Studies in the History of American Women. Washington, 1980, p. 59.).
"Lhasa, flowed 4 times, brought 7 children to this world, but died 5. Now she is pregnant again. She cried that her back pain was terrible because a tumor in her back working on the ground had swelling It's very big. I think her back pain may be due to tumor rupture. "(Note: Gerda Lerner, OP.Cit., Pp. 48-50.)
In short, Patricia's impure bloodline is more like a tragic creation of history. Her adoptive mother sympathized with her adoptive daughter, but couldn't ignore her birth-so she and other black people eventually called this the "curse" of Patricia.
10."Science": Just like democracy is not for everyone, science is also for the minority.
Burnt Book: "Dr. Cartwright on the Caucasians and the Africans" is printed on the cover.
10.“科学”:就像少数人的民主一样，那也是少数人的科学。
被烧毁的书：封面印着”卡特莱特博士论高加索人种与非洲人种“
10.「科学」 :少人数の民主と同じように、それも少人数の科学だ。
燃やされた本：表紙に「カトライト博士のコーカサス人種とアフリカ人種について」と書かれている。
When things were clear, Patricia also lost the asylum given to her by her adoptive mother. The Voodoo congregation in Haiti will certainly no longer look good on Patricia, insulting her as a "hybrid" in public, and asking her to leave Haiti and return to New Orleans. Fortunately, in the deduction, she should not have been substantially harmed in these matters (At the time, Haiti was very chaotic and it was easy to cause human life and the like)
After she returned to New Orleans, although her adoptive mother accepted her temporarily, the relationship between the two was definitely not as good as before. Perhaps through certain voodoo methods, her adoptive mother found out Patisia's birth: she was not born into love or other affection, and her life was just the accidental product of an atrocity.
The sin of American slavery is difficult to say clearly, as the famous abolitionist Ver Douglas revealed: "American slavery is the granting of the right to use and forcibly use the body and soul of others as property. He is in the same position as the beast. He is a property ... his own virtue, conscience, wisdom, and feelings are completely disregarded by the owner. " Press, 1978, pp. 19-20.)
Therefore, the situation of black people under slavery is extremely tragic. Generally speaking, female slaves are more difficult, painful, and restricted than male slaves in all aspects. In addition to engaging in forced labor like male slaves, they also have to bear the pain of childbirth and abuse that ignores their female characteristics. In addition, it has become a common tool for white male slaves to become a female sex slave.
Whether they are female slaves on the plantation or female planters' homes, in addition to being used as labor, they are also used as a tool for childbearing.
Thomas Sowell pointed out in his "A Brief History of American Race": "The United States had the largest number of slaves in the Western Hemisphere in 1825, but other countries actually imported more slaves than the United States, and Brazil imported slaves. Six times that of the United States. The difference is that the US is the only country where slaves can breed offspring and maintain population growth in accordance with natural laws. "
Among them, "Maryland is a state that breeds slaves, where men, women, and children are raised and sold" (Note: Yang Shengmao: Foreword, p. 21).
It is more profitable to sell slaves than to use slaves. As a result, slave owners treated female slaves as "females" and forced childbearing. Therefore, the price of female slaves is valued according to the shape of the milk / room, and the "girl" among the female slaves is the most valuable. A Baltimore slave owner William Otter's property chart in 1773 shows that a 25-year-old girl named Nanny is worth $ 40, a 20-year-old girl named Hanna is worth $ 45, and a 30-year-old male slave named Jack is worth $ 16.25 (Note: Mabel E. Deutrich and Virginia. C. Purdy ed., Clio Was A Woman, Studies in the History of American Women. Washington, 1980, p. 59.).
It can be seen that the price of a girl is much higher than that of a male slave. Therefore, female slaves are often forced to have children in their teens. It is not uncommon to have more than ten children in a lifetime. The more children are born, the more they are favored by slave owners, and they are even promised to be free.
Frances Garbo is a famous British actress, and she is married to Pierre Burt. From 1838 to 1839, she came to Peel's plantation in Georgia and stayed for 5 months. In the meantime, she was deeply shocked by the misery of the female slave. She wrote:
"Fanny, there have been 6 children and only 1 survived. She came to ask for relief from the ground."
"Nani, there were 3 children and 2 died."
"Li, there were 6 children and 3 died."
"Sophie, come and ask for some old linen. She has a miserable life. She has 10 children and 5 died."
"Sally, she shed twice. Three children were born, one of them died. She cried and complained of continued pain in her back."
In short, Patricia's impure bloodline is more like a tragic creation of history. Her adoptive mother sympathized with her adoptive daughter, but couldn't ignore her birth-so she and other black people eventually called this the "curse" of Patricia.
11.Inscription: A rough monkey head statue with an inscription at the bottom which reads, "Listen to your heart, Patricia."
11.守护:临别前妈妈给了我最后的礼物。
咒像：粗糙的猴头雕像，在底部刻有一行小字，“倾听你的心声，帕缇夏。“
11.加護:お別れのときにお母さんから最後のプレゼントをもらった。
魔像：粗削りの猿の頭の彫り物、そこには小さい文字で
「自分の心の声を聴いて、パティシャ」と刻まれている。
Patricia's adoptive mother now has complex emotions of love and hate for her children. On the one hand, it was indeed her child; on the other, she couldn't ignore the birth problem on the other side. In the end she could only respect Patissia's choice and teach her child a witchcraft sculpture of a monkey head.
Monkey heads have special meaning in voodoo, but they are not monkey heads used to curse people, but monkey heads used to treat diseases. At the same time, they can also stimulate learning and are now very popular with local students . At the Akodessewa Fetish Market in West Africa (the world's largest voodoo market), tourists often see wholesale monkey heads
To put it simply, although the statue of the monkey head gives headache to those player who play hunter, it is indeed a very auspicious and good thing, so Patissia's mother finally blessed her daughter and hoped that she could find herself in the future Attribution.
Patricia Dorival was born on a slave ship, and her mother from Haiti took a last breath. The little Patricia arrived in New Orleans alive. She was discarded by the boat owner on the street, but got a new "mother". Patricia followed the "mother" to learn herbal medicine, healing, and mantras, and decided to travel to an unfamiliar hometown as an adult to find her origin. But Patricia never expected that the curse hidden in the bloodstream would gradually wake up the moment he set foot on that land. After escaping for more than ten years, she finally brought the curse to the Manor.
Deduction part end ( ๑ˊ•̥▵•)੭₎₎

 =͟͟͞͞(๑•̀=͟͟͞͞(๑•̀д•́=͟͟͞͞(๑•̀д•́๑)=͟͟͞͞(๑•̀д•́)🏫 

Rip reddit for too long propotype analysis
OK now i stop here, see you in Lawyer Deduction. (Just need a document for this honestly... Since you guys already know what happened to him)
( ´◔ ‸◔`)
And also, if you want me to do coa story series analysis go here Time to suffer...
More than 10 upload will do coa 1 btw ᶘ ͡°ᴥ͡°ᶅ
By berry

As a popular kind of home entertainment, gambling has an abundant history, and every gamer has the prospective to end up being a winner in the blink of an eye. There is absolutely nothing else rather like the rush of adrenaline that can accompany the gambling experience! The video gaming market has actually grown greatly for the past 20 years, and the lure of gambling has actually drawn increasingly more individuals to the gambling establishments along with racetracks and Web gambling website. Gambling is an interesting leisure activity in lots of aspects, and the list below will present you to a few of the historic, analytical, and amusing pointers and trivia that make this leisure activity unique.
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Did You Know?
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1. A minimum of 65,000,000 individuals in the United States play poker regularly.
   
2. Playing cards as we understand them today are still considerably affected by the French, despite the fact that playing cards were created in China. According to French tradition, the cards with Spades represent royalty. Diamonds represent Merchants, Clubs represent Peasants, and Hearts represent the Clergy.
   
3. Previous United States President Richard M. Nixon utilized cash he had actually won playing poker in the Navy throughout World War 2 to fund his run for Congress in 1946. He should have been an excellent gamer, for it is never ever affordable to get associated with politics!
   
4. 87% of individuals who went to Las Vegas throughout the year 1996 bet.
   
5. Studies expose that 38% of individuals who reside in the United States have actually checked out Las Vegas, usually to bet.
   
6. The video game called craps generally has a few of the very best bets in the gambling establishment.
   
7. Poker competitions that occur on the Internet and on tv have actually triggered the Texas Hold 'em variation of poker to have a massive rise in appeal.
   
8. There is one slots in Las Vegas, Nevada, for each 8 individuals who live there. In 2005, the approximated population for the Las Vegas Valley is 2 million individuals. That's a Great Deal Of slot deposit pulsa !
   

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1. Blackjack, or 21 as some individuals call it, continues to be the most popular table video game in both online and offline gambling establishments. It is likewise the video game with the very best chances.
   
2. You will see lots of variations of video poker in a gambling establishment, however each of them is based upon the video game of 5 Card Draw.
   
3. In the English gambling dens throughout the 18th century, one staff member had the regrettable task of dice swallower. That's right - dice swallower! He was to swallow the dice if and when a law enforcement officer robbed the den.
   
4. If played properly, video poker can use a few of the very best chances in the gambling establishment.
   
5. The very first slots on the planet was developed by a Mr. Charles Fey in the year 1899. He was an automobile mechanic who desired his consumers to have something to entertain them while they waited on their cars and trucks.
   
6. Groucho Marx, among the Marx Brothers, liked to play poker. He kept his poker cash on him at all times, bring it in a 'grouch bag". This is how he got the label of Groucho.
   
7. There are just 2 states in the United States that do not use legalized gambling. These are Hawaii and Utah.
   
8. 57% of individuals in the United States purchased a lottery game ticket in the last 12 months. This truth, which was found by a Gallup Survey audit on gambling, shows that the lotto is the most popular kind of gambling in the United States.
   
9. 68% of the folks in Las Vegas who bet play the fruit machine.
   
10. 24% of those residing in the U.S.A. confess that they have actually taken part in prohibited gambling.
    
11. When studying the portions of individuals who check out Las Vegas, it was found that the biggest portion group, 22%, was comprised of elderly people, those who are 65 and older.
    
12. Among the biggest slots payments ever tape-recorded occurred in Las Vegas back in 1998. A lady who had actually invested around $300 at a gambling establishment that day struck a $27.6 million dollar prize! Not surprising that fruit machine are so popular!
    
13. Many historians have actually concerned the conclusion that the famous and vibrant figure of the Wild West referred to as Wild Costs Hickock was not an excellent poker gamer.
    
14. In the United States, it is not possible to secure a patent on any type of gambling maker.
    
15. The card video game of Texas Hold 'Em was bet the extremely very first time in a Texas city called Robstown. This took place in the early 1900s. Texas Hold 'Em was given Texas from Las Vegas by a little group of Texas bettors.
    
16. Back in the 1970s, the typical age of individuals who delighted in gambling establishment gambling varied from 30 to 55. Nowadays, that age varieties from 17 all the way approximately 70.
    
17. 80% of a study group stated that all gambling ought to be legal, which gambling establishments are completely alright.
    
18. A word of caution - You are not permitted to utilize your cellular phone at a video gaming table. This is usually real in all gambling establishments. Obviously, if you are dipping into an online video gaming table, you can do what you want.
    
19. The biggest gambling establishment worldwide lies on the borders of Hartford, Connecticut in the United States. It is called the Foxwoods Gambling establishment.
    
20. Las Vegas has 2 labels - Las Vegas and Lost Earnings.
    
21. Slots vary from cent slots all the way as much as those that vary from $50 to $500 for each spin! These expensive slots are generally found in what is called the 'High-stakes gambler' space or spaces of a gambling establishment. As a basic guideline, you will not see a lot of these makers.
    
22. In 2007, more than $170 billion dollars was put in bets in Las Vegas by bettors. 'Your home', or the gambling establishments, won about $7 billion dollars of that cash.
    
23. Online video gaming is cool. Where else can you play video poker in your pajamas?
    
24. Gambling Establishments in Las Vegas are under no legal responsibility to settle any of their gambling financial obligations.
    
25. The state of Nevada in the U.S.A., house of Las Vegas, made gambling legal in the year 1931.
    

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- Throughout that very same year, the Hoover Dam was being constructed by the United States federal government.
- They didn't desire the men who were dealing with the dam to get included with gambling, so a whole town, Stone City, was constructed as a location for the dam employees to live.
- It was made prohibited to bet in Stone City in the hopes that these employees would not misuse the 50 cents an hour they were being paid.
- Today, Stone City is the only city in the state of Nevada where it is unlawful to bet.
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1. To this day, the Italians and the French will still argue over who developed the video game of Blackjack.
   
2. Countless individuals are utilizing the Web to bet 24 hr a day, 7 days a week.
   
3. Those who play the slots online along with offline will discover that a bulk of the time, they will win regularly playing online.
   
4. In horseracing or any kind of sports gambling, you require to win a portion of about 52.4% of the bets you make in order to recover cost. This is due to the fact that a commission is charged by the home on every bet.
   
5. There is no rhyme, rhythm, or pattern to playing the slots. It is nearly difficult to forecast when you are going to win.
   
6. When playing poker, the Dead Man's Hand is Aces and Eights.
   
7. The majority of people who take a holiday to Las Vegas gamble for 4 hours a day, every day they exist.
   
8. Some state that the video game of live roulette was created by a male called Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and creator. Others state he simply chose what order the numbers would enter.
   
9. And still others declare that the video game of live roulette originated from China. Another group swears that live roulette was created by a group of Venetian monks! It appears that nobody understands the genuine reality.
   
10. Although a line of slots might look similar, each of them looks various on the within.
    
11. Dice are the earliest video gaming tool offered to utilize today.
    
12. Blackjack was prohibited in America back at the turn of the 19th century. Currently an extremely popular video game, it holed up as folks continued to play it unlawfully. The restriction was raised in 1939 as Nevada prepared to present Las Vegas to the world.
    
13. Craps is an American video game, however was developed as a variation of a European video game played in the 17th and 18th century that was referred to as 'risk'.
    
14. Legend has it that a fellow by the name of Francois Blanc made a deal with Satan in order to discover the expected 'tricks' of the roulette wheel. The basis of this legend is that when you accumulate all of the numbers on the wheel, you wind up with the number 666, a number that has actually constantly represented the devil.
    
15. Fruit machine can exposing countless possible mixes for each minute the video game is played. This is because of the random number generator, or RNG, that is inside the maker.
    
16. Craps got its odd name from a label provided to the French Creoles of New Orleans, Johnny Crapauds.
    
17. There are 2 kinds of dice, gambling establishment dice and 'pharmacy' dice. Gambling establishment dice are specifically made by hand to guarantee that they are well balanced and are a best cube. Pharmacy dice are smaller sized than gambling establishment dice, and are made by equipment.
    
18. Historians have actually discovered paperwork that informs us Napoleon actually delighted in playing a video game or more of 21, or blackjack when he remained in exile.
    
19. If you build up all of the opposing sides of one dice, you will constantly develop an overall of 7.
    
20. Live roulette has guidelines that are much easier to follow and comprehend than many other types of gambling.
    
21. Video poker has actually belonged of the gambling world since the early 1970s.
    
22. The video game of Baccarat was as soon as had fun with Tarot cards.
    
23. Caribbean Stud Poker is a poker variation that is incredibly popular worldwide. It was established from a 16th century video game called Primera.
    
24. There are 38 numbers on an American roulette wheel, 0, 00, 1 to 36.
    
25. There are 37 varieties of a French roulette wheel, 0 to 36.
    
26. Those who reside in Nevada wager around $846 each year at the gambling establishments.
    
27. The video game of Baccarat was created throughout the midlifes by Felix Falguiere, an Italian bettor.
    
28. Among the fastest growing types of home entertainment all over the world is gambling establishment gambling.
    
29. There are 11 various methods to make a wager in the video game of live roulette.
    
30. The British call fruit machine 'slot machine' and 'one-armed bandits'.
    
31. The game of chance of strip poker came from New Orleans, Louisiana around 1830.
    
32. Backgammon is the earliest taped video game in history. This video game, which came from Mesopotamia, is called by several names.
    
33. Gambling has actually ended up being a $40 billion dollar each year market in simply the United States alone.
    

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Things You Most Likely Never Ever Learn About Gambling
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1. Blackjack tables have a little in common with baseball video games. The seats at the table that are around the dealership are referred to as 'bases', and are referred to as very first, 2nd, and third base.
   
2. Baccarat concerned Las Vegas in 1959 at the old Sands hotel. It most likely was not well like by the hotel owners, as the Sands wound up losing $250,000 the opening night on the baccarat tables!
   
3. There are 3 various ranges of baccarat. They are called 'Chemin de fer', or train, 'Baccarat Banque, or Adeux Tableaux, and Punto Banto, which implies North American Baccarat.
   
4. Blackjack team play was developed by a guy referred to as Al Franesco.
   
5. The absolutely nos on roulette wheels are called the 'Home Edge'. The nos were initially contributed to the wheel by its developer in order to increase your house chances.
   
6. Caribbean Stud Poker discovered its method to the United States in the 18th century. It initially appeared in Louisiana, and after that spread out west.
   
7. Nowadays, you can find out how to play Craps on your Iphone!
   

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1. A pair of dice has a number of labels. They can be called 'Boxcars', 'Snake Eyes', 'Mississippi Marbles', or 'Memphis Dominoes'.
   
2. The fastest growing market on the planet in Indian video gaming, which is a $27 billion each year market in simply the United States.
   
3. The name 'Blackjack' was originated from a variation of the initial video game guidelines, in which a gamer who had the black Jack of Spades got a payment.
   
4. The worst live roulette bet, and why? It's referred to as the 5 number bet, 0, 00, 1, 2, 3, and when made, your home edge leaps from 5.26% to 7.89%.
   

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1. The video game of Baccarat gets its name from the worst hand possible, absolutely no.
   
2. The initial name of Blackjack was 'Ving-et-un', which equates into the word 'blackjack'.
   
3. The biggest win at an online gambling establishment was $1, 683,524.64.
   
4. A sailor had 27 wins in a row playing Craps at a Las Vegas gambling establishment back in the 1950s. The chances of this occurring are 12,467,890 to 1!
   
5. The video game of Bingo came from Italy throughout the year 1530.
   
6. In Australia and New Zealand, the term "Housie" is utilized for Bingo.
   

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Gambling Trivia You Never Ever Would Have Thought
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1. In the whole time the video game of Keno has actually been played, a reward of $500,000 has actually been won 4 times, 2 times by the very same gamer.
   
2. Live roulette is the earliest of all gambling establishment video games.
   
3. Keno was utilized in ancient China to raise money that was utilized to develop the Great Wall of China.
   
4. Keno pertained to the United States in the 19th century.
   
5. It is possible to come up with 1,474, 200 various Bingo cards.
   
6. Playing cards as we understand them today initially appeared in Europe at some point throughout the 1300s.
   
7. Modern Bingo was developed from a video game called Beano. When a gamer wrongly called out "Bingo" instead of "Beano", the name caught on all over.
   
8. A little more than 70% of the high-stakes gamblers in Vegas who take pleasure in playing Baccarat are Asian lenders and Asian industrialists.
   
9. Keno returns to the Han Dynasty in Chinese history in between 205 and 187 B.C.
   
10. In South America and Europe, the video game of Baccarat passes the name of Punto Banco. Punto Banco is generally a high-stakes gambler video game.
    
11. The age of the youngest individual to win the World Series of Poker centerpiece was a tender 24.
    
12. It is possible to make 2,598,960 poker hands from a basic 52-card deck.
    
13. The chances of being dealt the hand called a 'pocket set' in Poker are 16 to 1.
    
14. There are just 4 possible Royal Flush hands in a basic 52-card deck.
    
15. The chances of getting a Royal Flush hand are 649,740 to 1.
    
16. More than 70 million decks of basic playing cards are offered each and every year.
    
17. That sandwich you consumed the other day got its name from a poker gamer. The Earl of Sandwich enjoyedsl poker a lot he was loathe to leave the video game table, even to consume. So, he would have somebody bring him bread and some meat, and the sandwich was born!
    
18. The label for a set of eights in the video game of poker is Pocket Snowmen.